He maha ngā tae e hangaia ana i roto i te pouaka tae. Mā te tukanga tānga pouaka tae ka kitea te āhua me te tae o ngā taonga, ā, ka kitea hoki e ngā kaihoko he tirohanga whānui. Kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te rongoā, i ngā mahi whakapaipai me ētahi atu ahumahi, tae atu ki te takai hua me ētahi atu ahumahi. Nā teMōkihi Āniwaniwa o Shanghaiki te whakapuaki i ngā ihirangi e tika ana mō te tukanga tā muri i te pouaka tae me ngā raruraru noa.
Pouaka taee pā ana ki te pouaka pepa takai me te pouaka pepa moroiti-korakora i hangaia ki te kātene me te kātene moroiti-korakora. Ko te tikanga he tikanga tākai waenga, i waenganui i te tākai o roto me te tākai o waho.
01 Tukanga i muri i te tānga
Ko te tukanga tā muri i te pouaka tae ko te whakapara, te hinu, te wanihi UV, te whakakanapa, te hipoki kiriata concave-convex, te tapahi mate me ētahi atu tukanga.
02 Hinu nui rawa
Te kaupapa tukanga
Ko te roera ine e anga ana, e hurihuri ana i te tere pumau, ā, ko te ahunga hurihuri he ritenga ke ki tera o te roera paninga; Ma tenei ara, he rite te paparanga paninga i runga i te mata o te roera paninga, ka pa te mata o te mea kua tāia ki te mata o te tuaka o te roera paninga, ā, ka pania te paninga kia rite te paninga i raro i te pānga o te matotoru o te paninga me te pēhanga o te rōpū roera.
Momo me te tikanga whakamaroke
E ai ki te momo hinu, ka taea te wehewehe i te hinu ki ngā momo e whai ake nei:
1) Hinu wai
2) Hinu kanapa rawa
3) Hinu kirihou nui
4) Hinu whakakanapa rawa
Tikanga whakamaroke hinu: whakamaroke pūwero
Kia mōhio: Me whakatakoto poutū ngā hua hinu taha-rua, ā, me whakamaroke i mua i te taenga mai. Nā te mea he ngāwari te piri o ngā hua hinu taha-rua.
whakaritenga hangarau
Haunga ōna āhuatanga kore tae, kanapa, tere maroke, ātete matū me ētahi atu āhuatanga, me whai anō hoki te hinu whakakanapa i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1) He tino mārama te kiriata, ā, kāore he tae e memeha haere. Kāore te pikitia me te tuhinga e rerekē te tae i muri i te maroke. Heoi anō, kaua e memeha haere, e kōwhai rānei nā te mea ka pāngia e te rā, ka whakamahia rānei mō te wā roa.
2) He ātete te kiriata ki te kakahu.
3) He ngāwari tōna. Me mau tonu te ngāwari o te kiriata kanapa i hangaia e tetahi momo wanihi i runga i te mata o te mea tā kia urutau ki te ngāwari o te pepa, o te papa pepa rānei, ā, e kore e pakaru, e ngatata, e tihore rānei.
4) He pai te ātete o te kiriata ki te taiao. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakarerekētia te mahi nā te pā ki te waikawa ngoikore, ki te turanga ngoikore rānei i roto i te taiao.
5) He piri tonu ki te mata o te mea tā. Nā te awe o te uara mātotoru whakauru o te paparanga waituhi whakaahua me te tuhinga o te mata, ka tino heke te piri o te mata o te mea tā. Hei ārai i te pakaru me te kiri o te kiriata maroke i muri i te whakamaroke, me kaha te piri o te kiriata, me te piri tonu ki te waituhi me ngā rauemi āwhina maha mō te waituhi.
6) He pai te whakataurite me te mata kiriata maeneene. He rerekē rawa te mimiti o te mata, te maeneene me te mākū o te mea tā. Kia maeneene ai te paninga kanapa i runga i ngā mata hua rerekē, me pai te whakataurite o te hinu kanapa, ā, kia maeneene hoki te mata kiriata i muri i te hanganga o te kiriata.
7) Me whānui te urutau mō te tukatuka i muri i te tā. Pērā i te whakairo koura me te tā mata.
āhuatanga awe
1) Te mahi pepa
Ko te pānga o te pepa ki te kounga o te hinu e kitea nuitia ana i roto i te maeneene o te pepa. He tino pai te pānga o te pepa maeneene teitei i muri i te paninga hinu, engari he iti te pānga o te hinu ki te pepa maeneene, nā te mea ka mimiti te hinu whakakanapa e te pepa taratara. Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, e rua ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te hinu.
2) Te pāmahana
Ko te pāmahana whakawhiti hinu he 18-20 ℃, ā, ko te pānga whakawhiti hinu te mea pai rawa atu. He ngāwari te whakapakeke i te hinu i te takurua, ā, he koretake te mata o te hinu i muri i te whakawhiti hinu.
3) Te awe o te waituhi tā ki te kounga o te karaihe
Me ātete te waituhi e whakamahia ana mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia pania ki te hinu i muri i te tānga, ā, me ātete hoki ki te wera. Ki te kore, ka rerekē te tae o te mea kua tāia, ka puta rānei he kiri kua miro. Nō reira, me aro atu ki ēnei āhuatanga ina whiriwhiria te hua kua pania ki te hinu:
Me whiriwhiri he waituhi ātete-waipiro, he whakarewa ester, he waituhi ātete-waikawa-kawakore.
He mea tika kia whakamahia he waituhi pakari, he waituhi kanapa hoki
Me whiriwhiri he waituhi piri pai ki te pepa.
4) Te awe o te whakatioatatanga tā ki te kounga oro
Ko te āhua whakatioata o ngā mea tānga he rite tonu ngā take, arā, kua roa rawa te whakanoho o ngā mea tā, he nui rawa te wāhi waituhi tā, ā, he nui rawa te hinu whakamaroke kua tāpirihia. Ka puta he āhua whakatioata i runga i te mata o te pepa i te kiriata waituhi. Mā te āhua whakatioata ka kore e pania te hinu, ka puta rānei he "ira" me ngā "ira".
Tātaritanga o ngā Pātai Auau
Kanapa ngoikore (hei tauira, te ārai i te pepa tae PDQ – he hina teitei te papamuri o Weida, he mā)
take:
1) He kino te kounga o te pepa o te hiri, he taratara te mata, ā, he kaha te mimiti
2) Kounga paninga ngoikore me te kanapa kiriata iti
3) He iti te kukū o te paninga, kāore i te rawaka te nui o te paninga, ā, he angiangi rawa te paninga
4) He iti te pāmahana whakamaroke, ā, he puhoi te tere o te whakarewa
ngā tikanga whakataunga:
1) Ki te kore e pai te pepa, pania te paninga paninga tuatahi, kātahi ka pania i muri i te maroke
2) Whakanuia te kukū o te paninga, ā, whakapikihia te nui o te paninga kia tika
3) Whakanuia te pāmahana whakamaroke me te whakateretere i te mimiti o te whakarewa paninga
4) Whakakapia te peita
Te kore taurite o te rere o te hinu, me te ngoikore o te pānga mimiti kirihou ā-rohe
take:
1) Kāore i te ōrite te ranunga o te hinu mimiti kirihou me te Tianna i te wā e whakaranua ana
2) Hinu angiangi rawa
3) He tino matotoru te hinu pupuhi, ā, he ngoikore te taurite
4) Te pānga ngoikore o te mimiti kirihou o te hinu mimiti kirihou
kaiwhakarewa:
1) Whakaranua kia rite te rahinga, ā, whakaohokia kia ōrite
2) Te hinu whakapūmau
3) Whakaranua ki te wai Tianna, ā, he rerekē ngā ōwehenga o ngā hinu rerekē
4) Whakawhiti hinu
03 Panini UV
whakamāramatanga
He paninga mārama te wanihi UV, e mōhiotia ana ko te wanihi UV. Ko tana mahi he rehu, he takai rānei i te paninga ki runga i te mata o te papa, kātahi ka huri i te wai ki te totoka mā te rama UV, kia pakari ai te mata. He ātete ki te rakuraku, ā, he kanapa, he ataahua, he maeneene hoki te āhua o te mata.
Tātaritanga o ngā Pātai Auau
Kanapa me te kanapa ngoikore
take matua:
1) He iti rawa te matotoru o te hinu UV, ā, he angiangi rawa te paninga
2) Te nui rawa o te waimehatanga o ngā whakarewa kore-tauhohe pērā i te etanoru
3) Paninga kore taurite
4) He mimiti rawa te pepa
5) He angiangi rawa te whakakikorua o te rōra anilox whakapiri, ā, kāore i te rawaka te hinu e tukuna ana.
Otinga: whakanuia te matotoru me te nui o te paninga o te wanihi UV kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pepa: ka taea te pani i te pepa ki tētahi paparanga paninga kia kaha te mimiti.
He maroke koretake, he pakari kāore anō kia oti, ā, he mata piri.
take matua:
1) Kāore i te rawaka te kaha o te mārama ultraviolet
2) Te koroheketanga o te ngongo rama UV, te ngoikore o te kaha o te mārama
3) He roa rawa te wā rokiroki o te wanihi UV
4) He nui rawa te waiwhakarewa kāore e whai wāhi ki te tauhohenga
5) He tere rawa te tere o te mīhini
Otinga: Ina iti iho i te 0.5 hēkona te tere whakamaroke, ko te mana o te rama mercury pēhanga-tiketike me iti iho i te 120W/cm; me whakakapi te ngongo rama i te wā tika. Mena e tika ana, tāpirihia he nui o te wene UV hei whakatere whakamaroke hei tere ake te maroke.
Kāore e taea te pani i te wanihi UV ki te mata o te mea kua tāia, ā, kei te puāwai te tānga.
take matua:
1) He iti rawa te matotoru o te wanihi UV, ā, he angiangi rawa te paninga
2) He nui rawa te ihirangi hinu waituhi waenga, hinu maroke rānei
3) Kua whakatio te mata o te waituhi
4) He nui rawa te rauemi ārai-piri (hinu silicone) i runga i te mata waituhi
5) He angiangi rawa te waea mata o te roera whakapiripiri anilox
6) Ngā raruraru i roto i te hangarau hanga (kāore ngā tohunga hangarau i te pūkenga)
Otinga: Mō ngā hua e hiahia ana ki te karaihe UV, me mahi ngā mahi e rite ana i te wā tānga hei waihanga i ētahi āhuatanga: ka taea te matotoru ake o te wanihi UV, ā, me whakamahi te paninga tuatahi, te wanihi motuhake rānei ina hiahiatia.
Kāore i te ōrite te paninga o te wanihi UV, he rārangi me te kiri karaka
take matua:
1) He nui rawa te matotoru o te wanihi UV
2) He matotoru rawa te waea mata o te roera piripiri anilox (he nui rawa te rahinga paninga) ā, kāore te mata i te maeneene.
3) Te pēhanga paninga kore taurite
4) Te koretake o te whakaōrite o te wanihi UV
Otinga: whakaitihia te matotoru o te wanihi me te whakaiti i te nui o te paninga; Whakatikatikahia te pēhanga kia ōrite; Me whakakanapa te roera paninga; Tāpirihia he kaihoko whakataurite kanapa.
He ngoikore te piri o te wanihi UV
take matua:
1) Te whakatiotanga o te mata waituhi tā
2) Ngā āwhina kore tika i roto i te waituhi tā
3) Kāore i te rawaka te piri o te peita UV
4) Ngā āhuatanga whakamaroke UV kāore i te tika
Otinga: Me whai whakaaro te tukanga tā ki ngā āhuatanga o te karaihe i mua i te wā; Pania te hua tā ki te paninga hei whakapakari i te piri.
Ka matotoru te peita UV, ā, ka puta he āhua tiēre
take matua:
1) He roa rawa te wā rokiroki mō te wanihi UV
2) Kāore te peita UV e rongoatia katoatia i roto i te pōuri
3) He teitei te pāmahana rokiroki mō te peita UV
Otinga: kia tūpato ki te wā whakamahinga whai hua o te peita UV, ā, rongoatia ki te wāhi pōuri. Me 5~25 ℃ te pāmahana rokiroki.
Kakara nui e toe ana
take matua:
1) Kāore anō kia oti te whakamaroke i te wanihi UV
2) Kāore i te rawaka te mārama ultraviolet, te rama UV tawhito rānei
3) He ngoikore te kaha o te whakakorekore o te hāora ki te wanihi UV
4) Te tāpiri nui rawa o te waiwhakarewa kore-tauhohe ki te wanihi UV.
Otinga: Me tino maroke te wanihi UV, ā, me whakapakari te hauhautanga. Mēnā e tika ana, whakarerekētia te momo wanihi.
04whakarāpopototanga o Pōrana
Ka whāngaihia te mea kua tāia ki roto i te awhi rama i waenganui i te roera whakamahana me te roera pēhanga e te tēpu whāngai pepa. I raro i te mahi a te wera me te pēhanga, ka piri te paparanga paninga ki te awhi rama hei maramara.
āhuatanga awe
1) Te nui o te paninga o te hinu whakakanapa
He iti rawa te paninga, he maeneene kore i muri i te whakamaroke me te whakakanapa, he nui rawa te paninga, he nui ake te utu, he puhoi te maroke ka pakaru te pepa, ā, he ngāwari te pakaru o te mata tā i te wā e whakakanapahia ana.
2) Te pāmahana whakakanapa
Ki te tino teitei te pāmahana, ka piki ake te āhua o te hanganga, ka iti rawa te pāmahana, ā, ka iti te maeneene o te whakakanapa. E ai ki ngā wheako o te umanga, ko te 115-120 ℃ te pāmahana whakakanapa pai ake.
3) Te pēhanga mura
He ngāwari te pakaru o te mata tā, ā, he uaua ki te tihore ina nui rawa te pēhanga, ā, he ngoikore te maeneene i muri i te oro ina iti rawa te pēhanga, ā, ka whakahaeretia te pēhanga i te 150 ~ 180kg/m2.
4) Te tere o te whakakanapa (te wā whakamaroke)
He poto te wā whakamaroke, he ngoikore te oro maeneene, ā, he ngoikore te kaha piri o te peita ki te mangumangu. Ka piki ake te kounga o te paparanga o runga i te roanga ake o te wā whakamaroke, ā, kāore e piki ake i muri i te 6-10 m/min.
5) Whitiki whakakanapa hiko kowiri tira
Ko te whitiki whakakanapa whakakikoruatia te kowiri tira, koinei te taputapu matua o te tukanga whakakanapa. Ko te maeneene me te kanapa o te whitiki mārama e whakatau ana i te pānga kanapa whakaata me te kounga o te hua o te paninga.
3. Ngā Pātai Auau
He mea whakakorikori, he mea putiputi hoki te mata kiriata kua orohia
take:
1) He matotoru te hinu whakakanapa, he matotoru hoki te paninga
2) Kāore i te pai te whakaōrite o te hinu whakakanapa, ā, kāore i te ōrite te paninga
3) He puehu te mata o te tuhinga kua tāia
4) He iti rawa te pāmahana whakakoi hei whakangawari i te hinu whakakoi
5) He iti rawa te pēhanga oro
ngā tikanga whakataunga:
1) Me maroke rawa te waituhi tā i mua i te whakakanapa
2) Whakaitihia te matotoru o te hinu whakakanapa, me te whakapai ake i te āhua whakaōrite (me te wai Tianna)
3) Whakanuia tika te pāmahana me te pēhanga o te whakakanapa
Ngā pakaru o te pepa i muri i te whakakanapatanga o te tānga
take:
1) Ka whakaitihia te nui o te wai i roto i te mea tānga e te pāmahana whakakanapa teitei, ā, ka pakarukaru te muka pepa;
2) Ka kino ake te ngāwari me te toronga o te pepa i te pehanga whakakanapa teitei;
3) He ngoikore te ngāwari o te hinu whakakanapa;
4) Kāore i te pai ngā tikanga tukatuka i muri i te whakakanapa.
kaiwhakarewa:
1) Whakaitihia te pāmahana me te pēhanga kia tika ai te kounga oro;
2) Kaua te pepa pakarukaru e tukatukahia tonutia i muri i te whakakanapa, ā, me mahi ngā mahi whai hua hei whakarerekē i te nui o te wai o te mea kua tāia.
3) Mena he kino te pakaru o te wheua, ka taea te whakatika mā te ringihia o te wai ki te tuara.
05 Te uhi kiriata
whakarāpopototanga
Ko te hipoki kiriata he tukanga o te hipoki i te kiriata kirihou ki runga i te mata o te mea tā, me te whakamahi i te piripiri hei whakamahana me te pēhi tahi.
Kua wehea te tukanga paninga ki: arā, te paninga me te paninga-mua
I tēnei wā, ko te paninga inamata te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Haina.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te kiriata paninga inamata ki te paninga kiriata hinu-e hangai ana me te paninga kiriata wai-e hangai ana i runga i te momo kāpia.
Te hoahoa hanganga o te mīhini kiriata paninga inamata.
iāhuatanga awe
1) He nui te awe o te rauemi tā ki te kounga o te uhi kiriata
He ma te mata. He mea tino pai te pānga hipoki kiriata o ngā rauemi he matotoru ōrite, he kaha piko teitei hoki.
2) He tino kitea te awe o te mangumangu ki te kounga o te paninga kiriata
Mā te matotoru o te paparanga waituhi o te mea tā, te whānui rānei o te whakaahua me te tuhinga kua tāia, ka kati ngā pūwero o te muka i te waituhi, ka ārai i te urunga me te horapa o te piripiri, ā, ka uaua hoki te piri o te mea tā ki te kiriata kirihou, he mea e ngāwari ana ki te pupuhi.
Ka pania te waituhi i mua i te maroke rawa. He ngāwari te whakawhanui me te whakaroa i te kiriata e te whakarewa he nui te kohua kei roto i te waituhi. I muri i te paninga o te kiriata, ka pupuhi te hua ka tangohia te kiriata.
3) Ka pā te tukanga tā ki te kounga o te uhi kiriata
Kāore e pai ngā hua e tāia ana ki te mangumangu koura me te hiriwa noa mō te hipoki kiriata, nā te mea he ngāwari te wehe i te paura whakarewa mai i te mangumangu i te wā e whakamaroke ana, ā, ka hanga he arai i waenganui i te paparanga mangumangu me te piripiri e te paura whakarewa kua wehea, ka pā ki te hononga whai hua o ngā mea e rua. Ka pupuhi tēnei hua i muri i te whakanoho mō tētahi wā.
4) Te awe o te pāmahana me te haumākū o te taiao
Ko ngā panonitanga o te makuku o ngā mea tā (te mimiti makuku, te maroke) ka puta i te taha o te hua i te wā e pēhi wera ana me te whakapiripiri, ā, he uaua ki te piri pai ki te kiriata, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa kita, ā, ka pā ki te maeneene o te hanga o te hua.
Ngā whakaritenga rauemi
Ko te teitei ake o te mārama o te kiriata, ko te pai ake kia tino mārama te tānga kua hipokina.
He pai tōna ātete ki te mārama, ā, kāore e rerekē te tae i raro i te mahi a te mārama mō te wā roa
Kia pai te pumau o te matū, kia kore ai e pā ki ngā whakarewa, ngā piripiri, ngā waituhi me ētahi atu matū.
Kāore he ira mā, he kita, he kōhao iti
Me tutuki te kaha o te mata i ngā whakaritenga tukatuka o te tukanga e whai ake nei, ā, me nui ake te kaha o te mata i te 38 dynes mēnā me whakapara.
Ko ngā kiriata noa ko ngā kiriata PET me BOPP
Tātaritanga o ngā Pātai Auau
Te miro o te hua i muri i te tapahi
1) He nui rawa te kukū o te kiriata, ka totoro, ka hē te āhua o te kiriata. Ka taea te whakarite i te taputapu kukū o te kiriata
2) Ka whakapēhia te kiriata me te pepa e te kukū nui o te takai i te wā kotahi. Whakatikatikahia te taputapu kukū takai
3) He teitei te haumākū o te taiao whakaputa. Me whakahaere te pāmahana me te haumākū o te awheawhe whakaputa ki te 60%.
4) He poto te wā whakamaroke. Me waiho mō ngā hāora e whā i mua i te tapahi.
Te whakataurite i te mahi tukatuka mata pepa.
06 Whakamātautau i mua i te whānautanga
Ngā tūemi whakamātautau e tika ana mō ngā hua pouaka tae:
1) Whakamātautau kawe waka whakatauira
Whakamātautau pakū
Whakamātautau kaha pahū
Whakamātautau Taka
2) Whakamātautau taiao whakatauira
Whakamātautau koroheketanga
Whakamātautau wera me te makariri me te whakamātautau huringa
3) Whakamātautau whaihanga i muri i te tukanga
Mena me tutuki e te kiritaki ngā paerewa a te kiritaki, ki te kore e tutuki e te kiritaki ngā paerewa a te kamupene, me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau e tika ana hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua.
Te kamupene ahumahi āniwaniwa o Shanghaiwhakarato i te otinga kotahi-mutu mō te takai whakapaipai. Mena he pai ki a koe ā mātou hua, ka taea e koe te whakapā mai ki a mātou,
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Wā tuku: 15-Pepuere-2023