Ukuthenga kungomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yenkampani, futhi izindleko zayo zibiza cishe u-60% wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa. Ngaphansi komkhuba wokuthi izindleko zokuthenga izitofu zokulungisa zanamuhla ziyanda kancane kancane njengoba ingxenye yezindleko zebhizinisi iyonke ikhula, ibhizinisi libhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu emakethe, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo uya uncipha kancane kancane.
Ukuhlukahluka kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga obuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo kuyancishiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani ziyashintsha kancane kancane zisuka ebuholini bobuchwepheshe kanye nokulawula imakethe ziye ekuthengeni ukuze zinciphise izindleko futhi zandise inzuzo, ngaleyo ndlela zizisize ukuthi zithathe izinzuzo ezintsha.
Ungenza kanjani ukuthi umsebenzi womnyango wokuthenga ube negalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi? Ungayenza kanjani ukuthi isebenze kahle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-supply chain? Konke lokhu kuncike emisebenzini yokuthenga yangempela nephumelelayo yenkampani!
Njengomqondisi wokuthenga, isimiso sokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa noma imishini edingekayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ethembekile, ukuphepha okuqinile, ukulethwa ngesikhathi, kanye nensizakalo endaweni, ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga. Lena yimisebenzi eyinhloko yomnyango wokuthenga ukuqeda umsebenzi onikezwe yinkampani.
Inqubo yokuphathwa kwezindleko zokuthengwa kwezinkampani ihlanganisa izici ezine zokuphatha, okungukuhlela izindleko, ukulawula izindleko, ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko, kanye nokubalwa kwezindleko nokuhlolwa; isigaba sokuhlela singaqondiswa ukuze kunqunywe imithwalo yemfanelo yesikhundla ngasinye ekuthengweni, bese kugcizelelwa umgomo wesikhundla. Uhlelo lomthwalo wemfanelo, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokunciphisa izindleko kanye nezinye izindlela, ukwenza kahle kwezinye izici zokuphatha njengokulawula izindleko, ukubalwa kwezindleko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko kuzothola imiphumela esobala.
Umqondisi wokuthenga omuhle kakhulu kufanele aqale ezicini eziningi enkambisweni yokuthenga. Isici esiyinhloko ukudala indawo yokuthenga maqondana nokwakhiwa kwesistimu nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokusebenza kwebhizinisi lokuthenga kusukela ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, nokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kusukela kulezi zici ezimbili ezibalulekile, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu Ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha kokuthenga, ngobuchwepheshe thuthukisa amakhono ebhizinisi aphelele omnyango wokuthenga ukuze kufezwe izindleko zokuthenga eziphansi kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kwezindleko zokuthenga okunezinhlangothi eziningi komqondisi wokuthenga kuqala kakhulu ezicini ezinhlanu ezilandelayo ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuthenga.
1. Nciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ngokuphathwa kokuthengwa okunesu
Ukuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla okunesu kufanele kulinganise ngokugcwele izinzuzo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zebhizinisi, kuthathe ukuthengwa kwempahla okuzuzisa wonke umuntu njengenhloso yako, futhi kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kobambiswano lwesu lwesikhathi eside nabaphakeli. Kuyindlela yokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla evumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo esisha somnotho.
1. Ukuthenga akuyona nje inkinga yokuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza kanye nezinkinga zokuklama umkhiqizo. Ukwaneliseka kwezidingo zamakhasimende kanye nezintandokazi kumele kufezwe ngokubamba iqhaza komzimba oyinhloko wesixhumanisi ngasinye kuchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwezidingo zamakhasimende zibe umklamo womkhiqizo. Ukufezwa kwezintandokazi zamakhasimende kuyimfuneko yokuqaliswa kwesu. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha umqondo wokuthengwa wendabuko kusiza ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwesu.
2. Umqondo osekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhono ayisisekelo kanye nezici udinga inhlanganisela ethuthukisiwe yezinto phakathi kwabaphakeli namakhasimende. Yakha ubambiswano lwesikhathi eside lokubambisana kweqhinga kunokuba kube ubudlelwano bokuthengiselana. Ukusungula ubudlelwano obunjalo kudinga ukuhambisana kwamasu phakathi kwezinhlangothi zokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo. Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kwabaphakeli akusasekelwe ekuthengiselaneni njengento eza kuqala, kodwa kufanele kuqale kucatshangelwe ukuthi isu liyahambisana yini. Khulisa isisindo ezicini zobungcweti, isiko lenkampani, isu lenkampani kanye nezici zamakhono.
3. Ukuthenga akuyona indawo eyodwa, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kuhlaziywa akufanele kufake amanani omkhiqizo, ikhwalithi, njll. kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlaziywa kwemboni yomkhiqizo, futhi kubikezele nesimo sezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele senze isahlulelo ngesu lomhlinzeki, ngoba ikhono lokuphatha isu lomhlinzeki ngokungangabazeki lizogcina lithinte ukuthembeka kobudlelwano bokuthenga. Zonke lezi zinkinga ziyingxenye yokuhlaziywa kwamasu. Kudlula uhlaka lwendabuko lokuhlaziywa kokuthengwa (intengo, ikhwalithi, njll.).
2. Nciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa okuthile
Ukulinganisa kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwebhizinisi lanamuhla. Kuyisiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza okuvamile kwebhizinisi. Kukhuthaza ukuqonda, ukulinganisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwebhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuphatha. Kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokulawula izindleko okuphumelelayo. Enqubweni yokulawula izindleko, imisebenzi emine elandelayo yokulinganisa ibaluleke kakhulu.
1. Ukulinganisa ukuthengwa kwempahla. Kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zesayensi nezindlela zokulinganisa amanani ezibalo kanye nekhwalithi emisebenzini yokuthenga, kanye nokunikeza idatha enembile yemisebenzi yokuthenga, ikakhulukazi ukulawulwa kwezindleko zokuthenga. Uma kungekho standard yokulinganisa ehlanganisiwe, idatha eyisisekelo ayilungile, futhi idatha ingalingani, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola ulwazi olunembile lwezindleko zokuthenga, ingasaphathwa eyokuyilawula.
2. Intengo yokuthenga ijwayelekile. Enkambisweni yokulawula izindleko zokuthenga, kufanele kusungulwe amanani amabili ajwayelekile okuqhathanisa. Elinye yintengo yokuthenga ejwayelekile, okungukuthi, intengo yemakethe noma intengo yomlando yemakethe yezinto zokusetshenziswa, eyenziwa ngokulingisa imakethe phakathi kweyunithi ngayinye yokubala kanye nebhizinisi; elesibili yintengo yesabelomali sokuthengwa kwangaphakathi, esebhizinisini. Inqubo yokuklama ibala intengo elinganisiwe yezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimfuneko zenzuzo yenkampani kanye namanani okuthengisa. Izindinganiso zokuthenga kanye namanani esabelomali sokuthenga yizidingo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kokulawula izindleko zokuthenga.
3. Yenza ikhwalithi yezinto ezithengiwe ifane. Ikhwalithi ingumphefumulo womkhiqizo. Ngaphandle kwekhwalithi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindleko ziphansi kangakanani, kuyincithakalo. Ukuthenga ukulawula izindleko kungukulawula izindleko ngaphansi kwekhwalithi efanelekile. Ngaphandle kwemibhalo ejwayelekile yekhwalithi yezinto ezithengiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ngempumelelo nezidingo zemisebenzi yokuthenga, ingasaphathwa eyokuthenga izindleko eziphezulu neziphansi.
4. Ukulinganisa idatha yezindleko zokuthenga. Thuthukisa inqubo yokuqoqwa kwedatha yezindleko zokuthenga, ucacise imithwalo yemfanelo yomthumeli wedatha yezindleko kanye nomnikazi we-akhawunti, uqinisekise ukuthi idatha yezindleko ithunyelwa ngesikhathi, ifakwe ku-akhawunti ngesikhathi, idatha kulula ukuyidlulisela, futhi ukwabelana ngolwazi kuyafezeka; linganisa indlela yokubalwa kwezindleko zokuthenga futhi ucacise ukubalwa kwezindleko zokuthenga Indlela: Yakha ifomethi yeshadi lokubala izindleko elihlanganisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokubalwa kwezindleko zokuthenga inembile.
Okwesithathu, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ezingeni lohlelo lokuthenga
1. Ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa okuyisisekelo kokuthengwa kwempahla, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla ethengiwe kanye nokusungulwa kwesizindalwazi; ukunqunywa kwezindinganiso zokuhlola zabaphakeli abafanelekayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamazinga abaphakeli kanye nokusungulwa kwesizindalwazi; ukuqinisekiswa kosayizi omncane webhetshi, umjikelezo wokuthengwa kwempahla, kanye nenani elijwayelekile lokupakisha kwezinto ezahlukahlukene; Amasampula kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe yezinto ezahlukahlukene ezithengiwe.
2. Kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokubhida lokuthenga ngobuningi. Inkampani yakha ngokucacile inqubo futhi ilinganise inqubo yokubhida, ukuze ukubhida nokuthenga kunciphise izindleko zokuthenga, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ukucwaswa kwesimo. Ukubhida sekuqediwe, futhi izindleko zizokwanda.
3. Uhlelo lokubhalisa ulwazi lokuthenga kanye nereferensi lusetshenziswa ekuthengeni okuhlakazekile. Ulwazi mayelana namagama emikhiqizo ethengiwe, ubuningi, izimpawu zokuhweba, amanani, amagama abakhiqizi, izindawo zokuthenga, izinombolo zocingo zokuxhumana kanye nolunye ulwazi kumele lubhaliswe nomnyango wokuhlola wenkampani ukuze kubhekwe kuwo. Inkampani ingathumela umuntu njengeqembu lesithathu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Yenza ukuhlolwa okuqondile.
4. Inqubo yokuthenga isebenza ngendlela ehlukaniswe ngokwezigaba futhi ikhawulelana ngokobunye. Umnyango wokuthenga unesibopho sokukhetha okuyinhloko kwabahlinzeki, iminyango yekhwalithi kanye nezobuchwepheshe ukuhlola amandla okuhlinzeka komhlinzeki, futhi izimfanelo ziyanqunywa. Umnyango wezezimali unesibopho sokuqapha nokulawula amanani, futhi inkokhelo yenziwa ngokuvunyelwa ngabaholi abakhulu benkampani.
5. Qaphela ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuthenga ngokuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi bokuthenga, cacisa izinto zokuthenga eziphethwe yibo bonke abasebenzi bokuthenga, futhi uhlobo olufanayo lwezinto kumele luthengwe ngumuntu ofanayo futhi ngesiteshi esifanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi kuyi-variable yomhlinzeki ehleliwe.
6. Yenza inkontileka yokuthenga ibe yifanayo. Inkontileka yokuthenga ikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi umhlinzeki akumele afumbathise abasebenzi benkampani ngendlela yokuncintisana okungafanele ngokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yayo, ngaphandle kwalokho inkokhelo izokhishwa ngokulinganayo; inkontileka izophinde ichaze isivumelwano ngesaphulelo sokuthenga.
7. Uhlelo lokubuza ngokuthenga, sungula uhlelo lokubuza ngokuthenga, ucacise ukuthi ubani ofanelekayo nokuthi ubani ongaqedela imisebenzi yokuhlinzeka ohlelweni lokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kubathengisi abangaba khona, bese unquma ububanzi babahlinzeki. Igama lobuchwepheshe lale nqubo libizwa nangokuthi isiqinisekiso seziqu zomhlinzeki. Ukuze wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekuphathweni kokubuza ngokuthenga, manje kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele uhlelo lokuphatha ikhompyutha futhi usebenzise inethiwekhi ukuze uphequlule ngokushesha futhi uthole ulwazi oludingekayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuphathwa kokubuza ngokuthenga kanye nokuthola imiphumela yokubuza.
8. Yakha ubudlelwano obuzinzile bokubambisana nabaphakeli, abaphakeli abazinzile banamandla okuhlinzeka ngogesi, ukucaca kwentengo, ukubambisana kwesikhathi eside, banamalungiselelo athile abalulekile okunikezwa kwenkampani, futhi bangaqinisekisa ikhwalithi, ubuningi kanye nokulethwa kwezimpahla zabo Isikhathi, intengo, njll. Ukuphathwa kokuthengwa kufanele kufake ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni inzuzo yokuncintisana yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka lonke, kusungule ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside nobuzinzile nabaphakeli abahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo nobuchwepheshe obuhlinzekwayo, kusekele ukuthuthukiswa kwabaphakeli, futhi kusayine izivumelwano zamasu nabo lapho kudingeka Isivumelwano Sokubambisana njalo njalo.
4. Izindlela nezindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ezingeni lokuthenga
1. Nciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ngokukhetha imigomo yokukhokha. Uma inkampani inemali eyanele, noma uma izinga lenzalo lasebhange liphansi, ingasebenzisa indlela yokukhokha imali, evame ukuletha isaphulelo esikhulu sentengo, kodwa izoba nomthelela othile ekusebenzeni kwemali yokusebenza yenkampani yonke.
2. Qonda isikhathi sokushintsha kwentengo. Amanani avame ukushintsha ngokwezinkathi kanye nokutholakala kwemakethe kanye nesidingo. Ngakho-ke, abathengi kufanele banake umthetho wokushintsha kwentengo futhi baqonde isikhathi sokuthenga.
3. Qoqa abahlinzeki ngokubhida okuncintisanayo. Ekuthengeni izinto eziningi, indlela ephumelelayo ukusebenzisa ukubhida okuncintisanayo, okuvame ukuholela entengo ephansi ngokuqhathanisa amanani phakathi kwabahlinzeki. Ngokukhetha nokuqhathanisa abahlinzeki abahlukene ukuze babambe omunye nomunye, ukuze inkampani ibe sesimweni esihle engxoxweni.
4. Ukuthengwa ngqo kumkhiqizi. Uku-oda ngqo kumkhiqizi kunganciphisa izixhumanisi eziphakathi nendawo futhi kunciphise izindleko zokuthenga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizi kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa kuzoba ngcono.
5. Khetha abahlinzeki abathembekile bese usayina izinkontileka zesikhathi eside nabo. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abathembekile nabathembekile akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi, kodwa futhi kuthola inkokhelo kanye nentengo ekhethekile.
6. Yenza ucwaningo ngokugcwele kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi lwemakethe yokuthenga, uthuthukise izinsiza zabahlinzeki, futhi wandise uchungechunge lokunikezela lwenkampani ngeziteshi eziningi. Ukuze kufezwe izinga elithile lokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwebhizinisi, kufanele linake ngokugcwele uphenyo lwemakethe yokuthenga kanye nokuqoqwa nokuhlelwa kolwazi. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singaqonda khona ngokugcwele izimo zemakethe kanye nezitayela zamanani, futhi sizibeke esimweni esihle.
Okwesihlanu, ukunciphisa inkohlakalo yokuthengwa kwempahla kuthinta ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ezinkampanini
Abanye abaphathi bezinkampani bathi ngobuqotho: “Ukuthenga inkohlakalo akunakwenzeka ukuyivimbela, futhi izinkampani eziningi azikwazi ukugwema lesi sithiyo.” Leli iqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi bokuthenga bathola i-yuan eyodwa kubaphakeli, okungangabazeki ukuthi kuzobiza ama-yuan ayishumi ezindlekweni zokuthenga. Ukuze sithole izixazululo zalolu hlobo lwenkinga, sidinga ukuthatha izinyathelo kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ukwakhiwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo yomsebenzi, ukukhethwa kwabasebenzi nokuqeqeshwa, ukuziphatha kokuthenga, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokuhlola ukusebenza kwabasebenzi, njalo njalo.
Ukuthenga izakhiwo zeposi kudinga ukusetha izikhala ezahlukene zesixhumanisi sokuthenga, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokungagxili kakhulu emandleni okuthenga, ukuzibamba, ukuqapha nokusekelana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kungathinti intshiseko yabasebenzi emsebenzini ngamunye.
Ukukhethwa kwabasebenzi, izindlela zokukhetha zesikhundla ngasinye sabasebenzi bokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla kudingeka zibe nezimfanelo ezilandelayo ezibanzi: izinga elithile lamakhono obuchwepheshe nawokuxhumana, ukuqwashisa ngezomthetho, ukuhlanzeka, njll., futhi bazame ukugwema izihlobo zabaphathi bomnyango wokuthengwa kwempahla ukuthi zingene ebhizinisini lokuthengwa kwempahla.
Ikhono lobuchwepheshe alihlanganisi nje kuphela ukuqonda okuthile kwezimfanelo zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphethe, kodwa futhi nomqondo ocacile wenqubo yokuphathwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa; ikhwalithi ehlanzekile ibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi abathengayo abavame ukubhekana nemali, yize ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi Kuthathwe izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ekuxhumaneni ngakunye, kodwa kubasebenzi abathengayo abaphambili, kusenzima ukubhekana nezilingo ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwa ngabaphakeli ngokushesha. Indlela yokuvimbela ukubeka izingibe ngemuva kwesilingo idinga abasebenzi abathengayo ngokwabo ukuba babe nobuqotho nobuqotho. Ukuqwashisa ngokomthetho njalo njalo.
Misa isiyalo esiphelele somsebenzi womnyango wokuthenga, cacisa ukuthi izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo kanye nokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi yokuthenga kufanele zicace, zicace, futhi ziqondise futhi zikhawulelane; landela ngokuqinile izimiso zokusebenza "zokuhlela kusengaphambili, ukulawula okuqinile ngesikhathi somcimbi, kanye nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela kanye nesifinyezo ngemva kwalokho" ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Ukuthenga nokuhlinzeka ngezinto nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi ezihlangabezana nezidingo;
Sebenzisa ukuqapha kokuthengwa kwempahla “okugcwele abasebenzi, inqubo egcwele, yonke indawo”, futhi uqede ngokuqinile ukukhwabanisa kwangasese, ukwamukelwa, izaphulelo, kanye nokuziphatha okuqondisa izigwegwe, okungekho emthethweni, kanye nobugebengu okulimaza izintshisekelo zenkampani enkambisweni yokuthengwa nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, kanye nemali yezipho yomhlinzeki engenakunqatshwa, Kufanele idluliselwe ngokushesha enkampanini ukuze ifake izicelo; qeqesha abathengi ukuba bathande imisebenzi yabo, benze imisebenzi yabo, bathembeke enkampanini, babe nesibopho senkampani, balondoloze izintshisekelo zenkampani, bagcine izimfihlo zenkampani, futhi bavikele amalungelo empahla yengqondo.
Ukuthenga ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokwabiwa kwamaholo Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umnyango ngamunye wezikhundla kanye nowokuthenga uhlole ukusebenza kwesikhundla ngasinye sokuthenga. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwethula nokwakha izindlela zesayensi zokuphatha, okungukuthi, amazinga okuhlola ukusebenza, angakhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo ukuqhubeka kwazo zonke izixhumanisi zokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla. Thuthukisa, unikeze isiqinisekiso kanye nesikhuthazo emsebenzini ophumelelayo, futhi ufeze indawo yokusebenza lapho ukusebenza kukhuthaza khona ukunciphisa izindleko.
Njengomqondisi wokuthenga, akugcini nje ngokusebenza izici ezinhlanu ezingenhla zokuphathwa kokuthenga, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwakha isithombe esihle sabantu ngabanye kanye neminyango enkambisweni yokuthenga, ukwethembeka enkampanini, ukuphatha abantu ngobuqotho, futhi ube ngqongqo kubantu abangaphansi kwakho, okuzogcina izindleko zokuthenga ziqhubeka. I-Optimization ifanelekela ukuncintisana kwemakethe yamabhizinisi.
Iphakheji ye-Shanghai rainbow Nikeza ukupakishwa kwezimonyo okukodwa. Uma uthanda imikhiqizo yethu, ungaxhumana nathi,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-30-2021