He tukanga noa te hangarau whakawhiti wera i roto i te maimoatanga mata o ngā rauemi takai whakapaipai. He tukanga e paingia ana e ngā waitohu nā te mea he ngāwari ki te tā me ngā tae me ngā tauira ka taea te whakarite. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e ngā raruraru kounga e pā ana ki te hangarau whakawhiti wera. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakarārangihia e mātou ētahi raruraru kounga me ngā otinga noa.
Ko te hangarau whakawhiti wera e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga tā e whakamahi ana i te pepa whakawhiti kua pania ki ngā tae, ki ngā tae rānei hei reo hei whakawhiti i te tauira o te paparanga waituhi i runga i te reo ki te papa tānga mā te whakamahana, te pēhanga, me ētahi atu. Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakawhiti wera ko te whakapā tika atu ki te reo kua pania ki te waituhi me te papa tānga. Mā te whakamahana me te pēhanga o te pane tānga wera me te roera tānga, ka rewa te waituhi i runga i te reo ka whakawhiti ki te papa tānga kia whiwhi ai i te hua tānga e hiahiatia ana.
1, Pereti putiputi whārangi-katoa
Āhuatanga: ka puta ngā ira me ngā tauira ki te whārangi katoa.
Take: He iti rawa te matotoru o te waituhi, kāore i te tika te koki o te waru, kāore i te rawaka te pāmahana whakamaroke o te waituhi, te hiko pateko, me ētahi atu.
Whakataurongoā: Whakanuia te matotoru, whakarerekētia te koki o te waru, whakanuia te pāmahana o te oumu, ā, pania te tuara o te kiriata ki te matū pumau.
2. Te kukume
Āhuatanga: Ka puta ngā rārangi rite ki te kōmeta i tetahi taha o te tauira, ā, ka puta pinepine i runga i te mangumangu mā me te taha o te tauira.
Take: He nui ngā matūriki tae waituhi, kāore i te ma te waituhi, he teitei te matotoru, he hiko pateko, me ētahi atu.
Whakatau Rapanga: Tātarihia te waituhi ka tangohia te waru hei whakaiti i te kukū; ka taea te whakakoi i te waituhi mā, ka taea te rongoā i te kiriata ki te hiko pateko, ā, ka taea te waru i te waru me te pereti ki te rākau whakakoi, ka taea rānei te tāpiri i tētahi matū pateko.
3. Kāore i te pai te rēhitatanga o te tae, ā, e kitea ana te raro
Āhuatanga: Ina tāpirihia ētahi tae, ka puta te rerekētanga o te rōpū tae, inā koa i te tae papamuri.
Ngā take matua: Kāore i te tika te hanga me te piki me te heke o te mīhini; kāore i te pai te hanga pereti; kāore i te tika te horapa me te whakawhāiti i te tae papamuri.
Whakataurongoā: Whakamahia ngā rama strobe hei rēhita ā-ringa; hei hanga pereti anō; hei whakawhanui, hei whakawhāiti hoki i raro i te awe o te pānga tirohanga o te tauira, kaua rānei e whakama i tētahi wāhanga iti o te tauira.
4. Kāore te waituhi i waruhia kia mārama
Āhuatanga: He āhua kohu te kiriata kua tāia.
Take: He wetekina te anga whakapiri o te waru; kāore te mata o te pereti i te ma.
Whakataurongoā: Whakatikatikahia te waru, ka whakatikahia te pupuri mata; horoia te pereti tā, ā, whakamahia he paura hopi mēnā e tika ana; tāutahia he pūnaha hau whakamuri i waenganui i te pereti me te waru.
5. Ngā maramara tae
Āhuatanga: Ka memeha haere te tae i ngā wāhanga o ngā tauira nunui, inā koa i ngā kiriata karāhe kua tāia me te maitai kore waikura kua tukatukahia.
Take: He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pakarukaru te paparanga tae ina tāia ki runga i te kiriata kua tukatukahia; hiko pateko; he matotoru te paparanga waituhi tae, ā, kāore i te tino maroke.
Whakataurongoā: Whakanuia te pāmahana o te oumu, whakaitihia hoki te tere.
6. Te tere o te whakawhiti ngoikore
Āhuatanga: Ka ngāwari te tango atu i te paparanga tae e whakawhitia ana ki te paparanga mā te rīpene whakamātautau.
Take: He wehenga hē, he kāpia tuara rānei, e kitea ana i te kore e ōrite te kāpia tuara ki te papa.
Whakataurongoā: Whakakapia te kāpia wehewehe (whakatikatikahia mēnā e tika ana); whakakapia te kāpia o muri e ōrite ana ki te papa.
7. Ārai-piri
Āhuatanga: Ka pakarukaru te paparanga waituhi i te wā e whakahoki ana, ā, ka nui te tangi.
Take: Nui rawa te kume o te takai, kāore i tino maroke te waituhi, matotoru rawa te tapanga i te wā e tirotirohia ana, ngoikore te pāmahana me te haumākū o roto, hiko pateko, tere rawa te tā, me ētahi atu.
Whakataurongoā: Whakaitihia te kume o te takai, whakaitihia rānei te tere tā tika, whakaotia te whakamaroke, whakahaeretia te pāmahana me te haumākū o roto, ā, pania te matū pumau i mua i te whakamahinga.
8. Te maturuturu i ngā ira
Āhuatanga: Ka puta ngā ira turuturu koretake ki te kupenga pāpaku (he rite ki ngā ira kāore e taea te tā).
Take: Kāore e taea te tāpiri i te mangumangu.
Whakataurongoā: Horoia te tahora, whakamahia he roera momi waituhi hiko, whakahōhonuhia ngā ira, whakarerekētia te pēhanga waru, me te whakaiti tika i te matotoru o te waituhi me te kore e pā ki ētahi atu āhuatanga.
9. Ka puta mai ngā riu rite ki te kiri karaka ina tāia te koura, te hiriwa, me te peara
Āhuatanga: Ko te koura, te hiriwa, me te pērara he maha ngā riu rite ki te kiri karaka i runga i tētahi wāhi nui.
Take: He nui ngā matūriki o te koura, te hiriwa, me te pērara, ā, kāore e taea te horapa ōrite ki roto i te paepae waituhi, ka hua ake he mātotoru kāore i te ōrite.
Whakataurongoā: I mua i te tānga, whakaranua te waituhi kia ōrite, pupuhihia te waituhi ki runga i te paepae waituhi, ka whakatakoto i tētahi pupuhi hau kirihou ki runga i te paepae waituhi; whakaitihia te tere tā.
10. Kāore i te pai te tāruarua o ngā paparanga kua tāia
Āhuatanga: Ko ngā tauira he nui rawa te whakawhiti i roto i ngā paparanga (pēnei i te 15%-100%) ka kore e tā i te wāhanga oro mārama, kāore hoki i te rawaka te kiato i te wāhanga oro pōuri, i te hononga rānei o te wāhanga oro waenga ki te mārama me te pōuri e kitea whānuitia ana.
Take: He nui rawa te awhe whakawhiti o ngā ira, ā, he ngoikore te piri o te waituhi ki te kiriata.
Whakataurongoā: Whakamahia he roera mimiti waituhi hiko; wehea kia rua ngā pereti.
11. He kanapa māmā ki ngā hua tānga
Āhuatanga: He mārama ake te tae o te hua kua tāia i te tauira, inā koa ka tāia te hiriwa.
Take: He iti rawa te matotoru o te mangumangu.
Whakataurongoā: Tāpirihia te waituhi taketake hei whakanui ake i te matotoru o te waituhi ki te nui e tika ana.
12. He kōpikopiko ngā taha o ngā pūāhua mā
Āhuatanga: He maha ngā wā ka puta ngā tapa koikoi ki ngā taha o ngā pūāhua e hiahiatia ana he nui te mā.
Take: Kāore i te tino angiangi te matotoru me te tae o te waituhi; he iti te matotoru o te waituhi, me ētahi atu.
Te whakakore: te whakakoi i te maripi, te tāpiri rānei i ngā tāpiringa; te whakarerekē i te koki o te waru; te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te waituhi; te huri i te pereti whakairo hiko ki te pereti taiaho.
13. Paninga kore taurite o te kiriata maitai kore-waikura kua pania i mua (paninga silicon)
I mua i te tānga i te kiriata whakawhiti o te kowiri tira, ka tukatukahia te kiriata (paninga silicon) hei whakaoti i te raruraru o te tihorenga kāore anō kia oti o te paparanga waituhi i te wā o te tukanga whakawhiti (ina neke ake te pāmahana i te 145°C, he uaua ki te tihore i te paparanga waituhi o te kiriata).
Āhuatanga: He rārangi me he miro kei runga i te kiriata.
Take: Te pāmahana kore e ranea (te pirau kore o te silicon), te ōwehenga whakarewa kore e tika.
Whakakorenga: Whakanuia te pāmahana o te oumu ki tētahi teitei kua whakaritea.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-03-2024