Kev Taw Qhia: Kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom kom zoo nkauj. Cov txheej txheem thawj zaug feem ntau yog kev txhaj tshuaj molding, uas txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev tsim khoom. Qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj molding yuav tsum xav txog 7 yam xws li shrinkage, fluidity, crystallinity, cov yas uas rhiab heev rau cua sov thiab cov yas yooj yim hydrolyzed, kev ntxhov siab tawg thiab yaj tawg, kev ua haujlwm thermal thiab tus nqi txias, thiab kev nqus dej noo. Tsab xov xwm no yog sau los ntawmpob khoom shanghai zaj sawvQhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm 7 yam no, rau koj cov phooj ywg siv hauv Youpin cov khoom xa tuaj:
Kev txhaj tshuaj molding
Kev txhaj tshuaj molding, tseem hu ua kev txhaj tshuaj molding, yog ib txoj kev molding uas sib xyaw kev txhaj tshuaj thiab kev molding. Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog qhov ceev ceev ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tau automated, ntau yam xim, cov duab tuaj yeem yog los ntawm yooj yim mus rau qhov nyuaj, qhov loj tuaj yeem yog los ntawm loj mus rau me, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tseeb, cov khoom yooj yim hloov kho, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab nyuaj. Cov khoom thiab kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau thiab cov teb ua molding xws li cov khoom uas muaj cov duab nyuaj. Ntawm qee qhov kub, cov khoom yas yaj tag nrho raug do los ntawm lub hau ntswj, txhaj rau hauv qhov pwm nrog lub siab, thiab txias thiab khov kom tau txais cov khoom pwm. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov duab nyuaj thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
01
Kev ntsws
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov shrinkage ntawm thermoplastic molding yog raws li nram no:
1) Hom yas: Thaum lub sijhawm molding ntawm cov thermoplastic plastics, tseem muaj kev hloov pauv ntim los ntawm crystallization, muaj zog sab hauv kev ntxhov siab, loj residue kev ntxhov siab khov hauv cov khoom yas, muaj zog molecular orientation thiab lwm yam, yog li piv nrog thermoset plastics, qhov nrawm shrinkage yog Loj dua, qhov ntau shrinkage yog dav, thiab qhov kev taw qhia yog qhov pom tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov shrinkage tom qab molding, annealing lossis av noo conditioning feem ntau yog ntau dua li ntawm thermosetting plastics.
2) Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yas. Thaum cov khoom siv yaj sib cuag nrog qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov, txheej sab nraud tam sim ntawd txias kom tsim tau lub plhaub khoom khov qis. Vim yog cov yas tsis muaj cua sov zoo, txheej sab hauv ntawm cov khoom yas maj mam txias kom tsim tau cov txheej khoom khov siab nrog kev ntsws loj. Yog li ntawd, phab ntsa tuab, txias qeeb, thiab txheej tuab siab yuav ntsws ntau dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov ntxig thiab qhov layout thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov ntxig cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom ntws, kev faib tawm ntawm qhov ceev thiab kev tiv thaiv shrinkage. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yas muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev shrinkage thiab kev coj ua.
3) Cov yam xws li daim ntawv, qhov loj me, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qhov nkag pub ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom ntws, kev faib tawm ntawm qhov ceev, kev tswj siab thiab kev ntswj thiab lub sijhawm molding. Cov chaw nres nkoj pub ncaj qha thiab cov chaw nres nkoj pub nrog cov ntu loj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntu tuab dua) muaj qhov ntswj tsawg dua tab sis muaj kev coj ua ntau dua, thiab cov chaw nres nkoj pub luv dua nrog qhov dav thiab ntev luv dua muaj kev coj ua tsawg dua. Cov uas nyob ze rau qhov nkag pub lossis sib luag rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom ntws yuav ntswj ntau dua.
4) Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev pwm Qhov kub ntawm pwm siab, cov khoom siv yaj txias qeeb qeeb, qhov ceev ceev siab, thiab qhov ntsws loj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv crystalline, qhov ntsws loj dua vim muaj crystallinity siab thiab kev hloov pauv loj. Qhov faib tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm pwm kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev txias sab hauv thiab sab nraud thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom yas, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov loj me thiab kev coj ntawm qhov ntsws ntawm txhua qhov.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev tuav lub siab thiab lub sijhawm kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev sib ntswg, thiab kev sib ntswg me dua tab sis qhov kev taw qhia loj dua thaum lub siab siab thiab lub sijhawm ntev. Lub siab txhaj tshuaj siab, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yaj viscosity me me, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem me me, thiab qhov rov qab elastic tom qab demolding loj, yog li qhov kev sib ntswg kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv siab, qhov kev sib ntswg loj, tab sis qhov kev taw qhia me me. Yog li ntawd, kev kho qhov kub ntawm pwm, qhov siab, qhov ceev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm txias thaum lub sijhawm molding kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev sib ntswg ntawm cov khoom yas.
Thaum tsim cov pwm, raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam yas, qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov duab ntawm cov yas, qhov loj me thiab kev faib tawm ntawm daim ntawv nkag, qhov nrawm ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov yas yog txiav txim siab raws li kev paub dhau los, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw raug suav.
Rau cov khoom yas uas muaj qhov tseeb siab thiab thaum nws nyuaj rau nkag siab txog qhov nrawm ntawm qhov ntsws, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no feem ntau yuav tsum siv los tsim cov pwm:
Siv qhov nrawm me dua rau sab nraud ntawm qhov yas, thiab qhov nrawm loj dua rau sab hauv, kom tawm chaw rau kev kho tom qab pwm sim.
Cov pwm sim txiav txim siab seb daim ntawv, qhov loj me thiab cov xwm txheej molding ntawm lub kaw lus gating.
Cov khoom yas uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab raug ua tiav tom qab kom paub qhov loj me hloov pauv (kev ntsuas yuav tsum yog 24 teev tom qab demolding).
Kho cov pwm raws li qhov shrinkage tiag tiag.
Rov sim dua cov pwm thiab hloov cov txheej txheem kom haum rau qhov hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm qhov shrinkage kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom yas.
02
kev ua kua
1) Qhov fluidity ntawm thermoplastics feem ntau tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm ntau cov ntsuas xws li qhov hnyav molecular, yaj index, Archimedes spiral flow length, apparent viscosity thiab flow ratio (txheej txheem ntev / yas phab ntsa thickness).
Qhov hnyav molecular me me, qhov faib tawm ntawm qhov hnyav molecular dav, cov qauv molecular tsis zoo, cov ntsuas yaj siab, qhov ntev ntawm cov dej ntws, qhov viscosity qis, qhov sib piv ntws siab, qhov fluidity zoo, cov yas uas muaj tib lub npe khoom yuav tsum xyuas lawv cov lus qhia kom paub tseeb tias lawv qhov fluidity puas siv tau rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding.
Raws li cov kev cai tsim pwm, qhov fluidity ntawm cov yas siv feem ntau tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg:
Zoo fluidity PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methylpentene;
Nruab nrab fluidity Polystyrene series resin (xws li ABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polyphenylene ether;
Tsis muaj zog fluidity PC, tawv PVC, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, fluoroplastics.
2) Qhov fluidity ntawm ntau yam yas kuj hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam molding yam. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam yog raws li nram no:
①Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv siab dua ua rau muaj kev nploov pauv ntau dua, tab sis cov yas sib txawv muaj lawv qhov sib txawv, xws li PS (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj kev tiv taus siab thiab MFR tus nqi siab dua), PP, PA, PMMA, polystyrene hloov kho (xws li ABS, AS). Kev nploov pauv ntawm, PC, CA thiab lwm yam yas sib txawv heev nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Rau PE thiab POM, qhov kub nce lossis txo qis tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev nploov pauv. Yog li ntawd, tus qub yuav tsum kho qhov kub thaum lub sijhawm molding kom tswj tau kev nploov pauv.
②Thaum lub siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding nce ntxiv, cov khoom siv molten raug rau cov nyhuv shearing ntau dua, thiab cov kua kuj nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog PE thiab POM muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua, yog li qhov siab txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau kho kom tswj tau cov kua thaum lub sijhawm molding.
③Cov duab, qhov loj me, qhov layout, kev tsim cov qauv pwm txias, qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv molten (xws li qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tuab ntawm qhov channel, cov duab ntawm lub qhov, lub tshuab pa tawm) thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv molten hauv lub qhov. Qhov tseeb fluidity sab hauv, yog tias cov khoom siv molten raug txhawb kom txo qhov kub thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv fluidity, qhov fluidity yuav txo qis. Thaum tsim cov pwm, yuav tsum xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog raws li qhov fluidity ntawm cov yas siv.
Thaum lub sijhawm molding, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov kub ntawm pwm, qhov siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov ceev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thiab lwm yam kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau kom kho qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sau kom haum rau qhov xav tau molding.
03
Crystallinity
Cov thermoplastics muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov yas crystalline thiab cov yas tsis-crystalline (tseem hu ua amorphous) raws li lawv tsis muaj crystallization thaum lub sijhawm condensation.
Qhov xwm txheej hu ua crystallization hais txog qhov tseeb tias thaum cov yas hloov ntawm lub xeev molten mus rau lub xeev condensation, cov molecule txav mus los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nyob hauv lub xeev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov molecule tsis txav mus los ywj pheej, nias qhov chaw ruaj khov me ntsis, thiab muaj kev nyiam ua rau cov qauv molecular ua qauv ib txwm muaj. Qhov xwm txheej no.
Cov qauv tsos rau kev txiav txim siab ob hom yas no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pob tshab ntawm cov khoom yas tuab. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv crystalline yog opaque lossis translucent (xws li POM, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov khoom amorphous yog pob tshab (xws li PMMA, thiab lwm yam). Tab sis muaj qee qhov kev zam. Piv txwv li, poly(4) methylpentene yog cov yas crystalline tab sis muaj pob tshab siab, thiab ABS yog cov khoom amorphous tab sis tsis pob tshab.
Thaum tsim cov pwm thiab xaiv cov tshuab txhaj tshuaj molding, xyuam xim rau cov kev cai thiab kev ceev faj hauv qab no rau cov yas crystalline:
Qhov kub uas xav tau los tsa cov khoom siv kub mus rau qhov kub tsim yuav tsum tau siv cua sov ntau, thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm ua kom yas loj yog qhov xav tau.
Thaum lub sijhawm txias thiab rov ua dua, yuav tsum tau tso cua sov ntau heev.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub xeev molten thiab lub xeev khov kho yog loj, qhov molding shrinkage yog loj, thiab shrinkage thiab pores yog qhov tshwm sim.
Txias sai, crystallinity tsawg, shrinkage me me thiab pob tshab. Qhov crystallinity muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yas, thiab phab ntsa tuab qeeb txias, crystallinity siab, shrinkage loj, thiab cov khoom siv lub cev zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov kub pwm ntawm cov khoom siv crystalline yuav tsum tau tswj raws li qhov xav tau.
Qhov anisotropy yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog loj. Cov molecules uas tsis tau crystallized tom qab demolding muaj feem yuav txuas ntxiv mus crystallize, nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis sib npaug zog, thiab yog feej deformation thiab warpage.
Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv crystallization yog nqaim, thiab nws yooj yim ua rau cov khoom tsis yaj raug txhaj rau hauv pwm lossis thaiv qhov chaw pub.
04
Cov yas uas rhiab cua sov thiab cov yas uas yooj yim hydrolyzed
1) Kev rhiab heev ntawm cua sov txhais tau tias qee cov yas rhiab heev rau cua sov. Lawv yuav raug cua sov ntev ntev ntawm qhov kub siab lossis qhov qhib pub me dhau. Thaum qhov cuam tshuam shearing loj, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom yuav nce ntxiv yooj yim ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev lwj. Cov yas tshwj xeeb hu ua yas rhiab heev rau cua sov.
Xws li PVC tawv, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate copolymer, POM, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, thiab lwm yam. Cov yas uas rhiab heev rau cua sov tsim cov monomers, roj, cov khoom khov thiab lwm yam khoom seem thaum lub sijhawm lwj. Tshwj xeeb, qee cov roj lwj muaj cov teebmeem khaus, xeb lossis lom rau tib neeg lub cev, khoom siv, thiab pwm.
Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tsim pwm, kev xaiv tshuab txhaj tshuaj molding thiab kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Yuav tsum siv lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj molding uas muaj hau ntswj. Qhov seem ntawm lub tshuab nchuav yuav tsum loj. Lub pwm thiab lub thoob yuav tsum tau chrome-plated. Ntxiv cov stabilizer kom tsis txhob muaj zog rau nws qhov kev kub ntxhov.
2) Txawm tias qee cov yas (xws li PC) muaj dej me me, lawv yuav lwj thaum kub thiab siab. Cov khoom no hu ua yooj yim hydrolysis, uas yuav tsum tau cua sov thiab ziab ua ntej.
05
Kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tawg ntawm yaj
1) Qee cov yas muaj kev ntxhov siab. Lawv yooj yim raug kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thaum lub sijhawm molding thiab yooj yim tawg. Cov khoom yas yuav tawg thaum muaj zog sab nraud lossis cov kuab tshuaj.
Vim li no, ntxiv rau kev ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv raw kom txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab nrib pleb, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev ziab cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov xwm txheej molding yuav tsum tau xaiv kom tsim nyog los txo qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab nrib pleb. Thiab yuav tsum xaiv cov duab yas tsim nyog, nws tsis tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa cov ntxig thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab.
Thaum tsim cov pwm, lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev rhuav tshem yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv, thiab yuav tsum xaiv lub tshuab nkag thiab tawm uas tsim nyog. Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov kub ntawm cov pwm, lub siab txhaj tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm txias yuav tsum tau kho kom haum thaum lub sijhawm molding, thiab sim tsis txhob rhuav tshem thaum cov yas txias dhau thiab tawg. Tom qab molding, cov yas kuj yuav tsum tau kho tom qab kom txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab nrib pleb, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab txwv tsis pub kov cov kuab tshuaj.
2) Thaum cov polymer yaj nrog qee qhov dej ntws hla lub qhov nozzle ntawm qhov kub tas li thiab nws cov dej ntws tshaj qhov nqi, cov kab nrib pleb sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yaj hu ua yaj tawg, uas yuav ua rau puas tsuaj rau qhov tsos thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom yas. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov polymers nrog cov dej ntws siab, qhov seem ntawm lub nozzle, tus khiav, thiab qhov qhib pub yuav tsum tau nce kom txo qhov ceev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thiab ua rau cov khoom kub dua.
06
Kev ua haujlwm thermal thiab tus nqi txias
1) Ntau yam yas muaj cov khoom sib txawv xws li cua sov tshwj xeeb, thermal conductivity, thiab kub hloov pauv kub. Yas nrog cua sov tshwj xeeb siab xav tau ntau qhov cua sov, thiab yuav tsum siv lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj pwm nrog lub peev xwm yas loj. Lub sijhawm txias ntawm cov yas nrog cua sov hloov pauv kub siab tuaj yeem luv thiab kev demoulding yog thaum ntxov, tab sis kev txias deformation yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv tom qab demoulding.
Cov yas uas muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg muaj qhov txias qeeb (xws li ionic polymers, thiab lwm yam), yog li lawv yuav tsum tau txias txaus kom txhim kho cov nyhuv txias ntawm cov pwm. Cov pwm kub khiav yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov yas uas muaj qhov kub tshwj xeeb qis thiab cov thermal conductivity siab. Cov yas uas muaj qhov kub tshwj xeeb loj, cov thermal conductivity qis, qhov kub tsis hloov pauv thermal, thiab qhov txias qeeb tsis zoo rau kev pwm ceev ceev. Yuav tsum xaiv cov tshuab txhaj tshuaj pwm tsim nyog thiab cov pwm txias zoo dua.
2) Cov yas sib txawv yuav tsum tau tswj kom muaj qhov txias raws li lawv cov hom, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom yas. Yog li ntawd, cov pwm yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cua sov thiab txias raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua pwm kom tswj tau qee qhov kub pwm. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv ua rau qhov kub pwm nce ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau txias kom tiv thaiv cov khoom yas kom tsis txhob deforming tom qab demolding, luv lub voj voog molding, thiab txo qhov crystallinity.
Thaum cov cua sov pov tseg tsis txaus los ua kom pwm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov pwm yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab cua sov los tswj cov pwm kom txias, xyuas kom meej tias nws ua haujlwm tau zoo, txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sau lossis tswj cov khoom yas kom txias qeeb qeeb. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txias tsis sib xws sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov khoom yas uas muaj phab ntsa tuab thiab ua kom cov khoom siv crystallinity ntau ntxiv.
Rau cov neeg uas muaj cov kua dej zoo, thaj chaw molding loj, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom yas zoo li cas, qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau ua kom sov lossis txias ib qho zuj zus lossis ua kom sov thiab txias hauv zos. Vim li no, cov pwm yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab cua txias lossis cua sov sib xws.
07
Kev Hygroscopicity
Vim tias muaj ntau yam khoom ntxiv rau hauv cov yas, uas ua rau lawv muaj ntau qib sib txawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau cov dej noo, cov yas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: kev nqus dej noo, kev nplaum dej noo, thiab kev nqus dej noo thiab tsis lo. Cov dej hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv qhov ntau uas tso cai. Txwv tsis pub, cov dej noo yuav dhau los ua roj lossis hydrolyze nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab siab, uas yuav ua rau cov resin ua npuas dej, txo cov kua dej, thiab muaj cov tsos tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Yog li ntawd, cov yas hygroscopic yuav tsum tau preheated nrog cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab cov lus qhia raws li qhov xav tau los tiv thaiv kev rov nqus cov dej noo thaum siv.
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