Hei whakawhaiaro ake i te hua, me tāpiri tae ki te mata o te nuinga o ngā hua tākai kua hangaia. He maha ngā tukanga maimoatanga mata mō ngā tākai matū o ia rā. I konei ka whakaatuhia e mātou ētahi tukanga noa i roto i te umanga tākai whakapaipai, pērā i te paninga korehau, te rehu, te whakakikorua hiko, te whakanikoniko, me ētahi atu.
Mō te tukanga rehu
Ko te rehu e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga paninga e whakamahi ana i te pū rehu, i te atomizer kōpae rānei hei horapa hei pata rite, kia rite hoki, mā te pēhanga, mā te kaha porowhita rānei, ka pania ki te mata o te mea e pania ana. Ka taea te wehewehe ki te rehu hau, te rehu kore hau, te rehu hiko-pūmau me ngā momo tikanga rerekē o ngā momo rehu taketake o runga ake nei, pērā i te rehu atomization pehanga-iti rere-teitei, te rehu wera, te rehu aunoa, te rehu maha-rōpū, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te tukanga rehu
● Pānga tiaki:
Āraia ngā mea whakarewa, rakau, kōhatu me te kirihou kei waikura i te mārama, te ua, te tomairangi, te makuku me ētahi atu mea. Ko te hipoki i ngā mea ki te peita tētahi o ngā tikanga tiaki tino watea me te pono, ka taea te tiaki i ngā mea me te whakaroa i tō rātou roa mahi.
●Pānga whakapaipai:
Mā te peita ka "kapi" ngā mea ki tētahi huruhuru ataahua, kia kanapa, kia kanapa, kia maeneene hoki. Mā te taiao me ngā taonga ataahua ka ataahua, ka whakamarie hoki te tangata.
●Mahi motuhake:
I muri i te paninga o te peita motuhake ki runga i te mea, ka taea e te mata o te mea te whakamahi i ngā mahi pēnei i te ātete ahi, te ātete wai, te ātete poke, te tohu pāmahana, te tiaki wera, te huna, te kawe hiko, te patu pepeke, te whakahoromata, te whakamārama me te whakaata.
Hanganga o te pūnaha tukanga rehu
1. Rūma rehu
1) Pūnaha hauhautanga: he taputapu e whakarato ana i te hau ma, hou, me te whakahaere i te pāmahana, te haumākū me te puehu ki te whare rehu.
2) Te tinana o te whare rehu: he rūma pēhanga hihiri, he rūma pēhanga tūmau, he rūma mahi rehu me te pereti raro o te whatanga.
3) Pūnaha kohikohinga hau me te kohu peita: he taputapu kohikohinga hau peita, he pā hau me te paipa hau.
4) Pūrere tango peita para: tangohia i te wā tika ngā toenga peita para i roto i te paru i tukuna mai i te pūrere horoi putanga o te whare rehu, ka whakahokia te wai kua tātarihia ki te awaawa i raro i te whare rehu hei hangarua.
2. Raina rehu
Ko ngā wāhanga matua e whitu o te raina paninga ko: ngā taputapu maimoatanga-mua, te pūnaha rehu paura, ngā taputapu rehu peita, te oumu, te pūnaha pūtake wera, te pūnaha whakahaere hiko, te mekameka kawe iri, me ētahi atu.
1) Ngā taputapu i mua i te maimoatanga
Ko te waeine maimoatanga-mua maha-teihana momo-rehu he taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te maimoatanga mata. Ko tōna kaupapa matua he whakamahi i te horoi miihini hei whakatere i ngā tauhohenga matū ki te whakaoti i te tango hinu, te whakapūkara, te horoi wai me ētahi atu tukanga. Ko te tukanga noa o te maimoatanga-mua rehu wāhanga maitai ko: te tango hinu, te tango hinu, te horoi wai, te horoi wai, te whakatikatika mata, te whakapūkara, te horoi wai, te horoi wai, te horoi wai parakore. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te mīhini horoi pupuhi pupuhi mō te maimoatanga-mua, he mea e tika ana mō ngā wāhanga maitai he hanganga māmā, he waikura nui, kāore he hinu, he iti rānei te hinu. Ā, kāore he parahanga wai.
2) Pūnaha rehu paura
Ko te taputapu whakaora huānga tātari iti me te awhiowhio iti i roto i te rehu paura he taputapu whakaora paura matatau ake, he tere ake te huri tae. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā hua kawemai mō ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha rehu paura, ā, ko ngā wāhanga katoa pēnei i te rūma rehu paura me te hiki hiko miihini he mea hanga ā-rohe.
3) Ngā taputapu rehu
Pērā i te rūma rehu hinu me te rūma rehu ārai wai, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te paninga mata o ngā pahikara, ngā puna rau motuka me ngā utauta nui.
4) Ōumu
Ko te oumu tētahi o ngā taputapu nui o te raina whakaputa paninga. Ko tōna ōritetanga pāmahana he tohu nui hei whakarite i te kounga o te paninga. Ko ngā tikanga whakamahana o te oumu ko te irahiko, te tohanga hau wera me te irahiko + te tohanga hau wera, me ētahi atu. E ai ki te kaupapa whakaputa, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo rūma kotahi me te momo whakawhiti, me ētahi atu, ā, ko ngā momo taputapu ko te momo whakawhiti tika me te momo piriti. He pai te whakamarumaru wera o te oumu tohanga hau wera, he ōrite te pāmahana i roto i te oumu, ā, he iti ake te ngaronga wera. I muri i te whakamātautau, ko te rerekētanga pāmahana i roto i te oumu he iti iho i te ±3oC, e eke ana ki ngā tohu mahi o ngā hua rite i ngā whenua matatau.
5) Pūnaha pūtake wera
He tikanga whakamahana noa te rere o te hau wera. Ka whakamahia te kaupapa o te kawe hiko hei whakamahana i te oumu kia maroke ai, kia māro ai te mahi. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pūtake wera i runga i te āhuatanga motuhake o te kaiwhakamahi: hiko, mamaoa, hau, hinu wahie rānei, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakatau i te pouaka pūtake wera i runga i te āhuatanga o te oumu: whakanohoia ki runga, ki raro, ki te taha. Mena he pā motuhake ātete pāmahana teitei te pā hurihuri hei whakaputa i te pūtake wera, he roa te ora, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao, he iti te haruru, he iti hoki te rahi.
6) Pūnaha whakahaere hiko
Ko te mana whakahaere hiko o te raina peita me te peita he mana whakahaere pokapū me te pou kotahi. Ka taea e te mana whakahaere pokapū te whakamahi i te kaiwhakahaere hōtaka (PLC) hei whakahaere i te kaihautū, te whakahaere aunoa i ia tukanga e ai ki te kaupapa whakahaere kua whakahiatohia, te kohikohi raraunga me te aroturuki i te whakaoho. Ko te mana whakahaere pou kotahi te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te raina whakaputa peita. Ka whakahaerehia ia tukanga i roto i te pou kotahi, ā, ka whakatakotoria te pouaka whakahaere hiko (kāpeneti) ki te taha o ngā taputapu. He iti te utu, he ngāwari te whakahaere, ā, he watea te tiaki.
7) Mekameka kawe whakatārewatanga
Ko te kawe whakatārewatanga te pūnaha kawe o te raina huihuinga ahumahi me te raina peita. Ka whakamahia te kawe whakatārewatanga momo kohikohinga mō ngā whata rokiroki me te raina peita paipa maitai koranu rama tiriti āhua motuhake. Ka hikitia te mea mahi ki runga i te whakairi motuhake (me te kaha kawe kawenga o te 500-600KG), ā, he maeneene te hurihanga ki roto, ki waho. Ka whakatuwheratia, ka katihia te hurihanga e te mana hiko e ai ki ngā tohutohu mahi, e tutuki ana i te kawe aunoa o te mea mahi i roto i ia teihana tukatuka, ā, ka kohikohia whakararatia, ka whakamataohia i roto i te rūma whakamatao kaha me te wāhi tango. Kua whakatakotoria he taputapu kati whakatūpato tautuhi me te kukume whakairinga ki roto i te wāhi whakamatao kaha.
3. Pū rehu
4. Peita
He rauemi te peita e whakamahia ana hei tiaki me te whakapaipai i te mata o tētahi mea. Ka pania ki te mata o tētahi mea hei hanga i tētahi kiriata paninga tonu me ētahi mahi me te piri kaha, e whakamahia ana hei tiaki me te whakapaipai i te mea. Ko te mahi a te peita he tiaki, he whakapaipai, me ngā mahi motuhake (ārai i te waikura, te wehe, te tohu, te whakaata, te kawe hiko, me ētahi atu).
Te rere o te tukanga taketake
He rerekē te tukanga paninga me ngā tikanga mō ngā whāinga rerekē. Ka tangohia e mātou te tukanga paninga wāhanga kirihou noa hei tauira hei whakamārama i te tukanga katoa:
1. Te tukanga maimoatanga-mua
Hei whakarato i tētahi turanga pai e tika ana mō ngā whakaritenga paninga, me te whakarite kia pai te ārai-waikura me ngā āhuatanga whakapaipai o te paninga, me tukatuka ngā mea tauhou e piri ana ki te mata o te mea i mua i te paninga. E kiia ana te mahi e mahia ana i tēnei ara ko te maimoatanga paninga-mua (mata). Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei tango i ngā poke i runga i te rauemi, hei whakararuraru rānei i te mata o te rauemi hei whakanui ake i te piri o te kiriata paninga.
Te tango hinu i mua: Ko te mahi matua he tango hinu i mua i te mata o ngā wāhanga kirihou.
Te tango hinu matua: Ka tangohia e te kaihoko horoi te mata o ngā wāhanga kirihou.
Horoi wai: Whakamahia he wai puna ma hei horoi i ngā matū e toe ana i runga i te mata o ngā wāhanga. E rua ngā horoinga wai, ko te pāmahana wai RT, ko te pēhanga rehu he 0.06-0.12Mpa. Horoi wai parakore, whakamahia he wai hou kua tangohia te ion hei horoi pai i te mata o ngā wāhanga (ko te whakaritenga parakore o te wai kua tangohia te ion ko te kawe hiko ≤10μm/cm).
Te wāhi pupuhi hau: I muri i te horoinga wai parakore i roto i te awa horoi wai, ka whakamahia te paipa hau hei pupuhi i ngā pata wai e toe ana i runga i te mata o ngā wāhanga me te hau kaha. Heoi, i ētahi wā nā te hanganga o te hua me ētahi atu take, kāore e taea te pupuhi katoa i ngā pata wai i ētahi wāhanga o ngā wāhanga, ā, kāore e taea e te wāhi whakamaroke te whakamaroke i ngā pata wai, ka puta he wai e kohia ana ki runga i te mata o ngā wāhanga, ka pā ki te rehu o te hua. Nō reira, me tirotiro te mata o te mea mahi i muri i te maimoatanga mura. Ina puta te āhuatanga i runga ake nei, me muru te mata o te parepare.
Te Whakamaroke: Ko te roa o te whakamaroke o te hua he 20 meneti. Ka whakamahia e te oumu te hau hei whakamahana i te hau e rere ana kia eke te pāmahana i roto i te awa whakamaroke ki te uara kua whakaritea. Ina haere ngā hua kua horoia, kua whakamarokehia mā roto i te awa o te oumu, ka whakamarokehia e te hau wera i roto i te awa o te oumu te makuku i runga i te mata o ngā hua. Kaua e whakaarohia te mimiti o te makuku i runga i te mata o ngā hua anake i te whakatakotoranga o te pāmahana tunu, engari me whakaaro hoki ki te rerekētanga o te ātete wera o ngā hua rerekē. I tēnei wā, ko te raina paninga o te tuarua o ngā wheketere hanga he mea hanga ki te rauemi PP, nō reira ko te pāmahana kua whakaritea he 95±5℃.
Te maimoatanga mura: Whakamahia he mura whakapūkara kaha hei whakapūkara i te mata kirihou, hei whakanui ake i te mānukanuka mata o te mata o te papa kirihou, kia pai ake ai te whakakotahitanga o te peita ki te mata o te papa hei whakapai ake i te piri o te peita.
Pānui: He rerekē ngā mahi a te pānui, ā, he maha ngā momo. Ahakoa kāore e kitea mai i waho, he nui tōna pānga. Ko ōna mahi e whai ake nei: te whakanui ake i te piri, te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tae, me te huna i ngā wāhi hapa o ngā mea mahi.
Pania waenga: Ko te tae o te kiriata paninga i kitea i muri i te peita, ko te mea nui ko te hanga i te mea pania kia ataahua, kia pai rānei ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū.
Paninga o runga: Ko te paninga o runga te paparanga whakamutunga o te paninga i roto i te tukanga paninga, ko tōna kaupapa he hoatu ki te kiriata paninga he kanapa teitei me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pai hei tiaki i te mea kua pania.
Taupānga i roto i te mara o ngā takai whakapaipai
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te tukanga paninga i roto i ngā takai whakapaipai, ā, he wāhanga o waho o ngā kete rīpene ngutu,ngā pounamu karāhe, ngā pane papu, ngā taupoki pounamu, me ētahi atu
Ko tētahi o ngā tukanga tae matua
Wā tuku: Pipiri-20-2024