I-embryo yebhotile yeplastiki yindlela yokuqala kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhotile zeplastiki. Iiparameter zayo ezinje ngobungakanani, umsonto kunye nobunzima zibalulekile kwaye zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwebhotile.
1. Ubudlelwane phakathi komgangatho we-preform kunye nomgangatho wezinto ze-PET
I-Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ibizwa ngokuba yi-polyester. Ukuveliswa kweebhotile zeplastiki ze-PET kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube yi-injection stretch blow molding (efinyeziweyo njenge-injection stretch blow molding) kunye ne-extrusion stretch blow molding (efinyeziweyo njenge-extrusion stretch blow molding) ngokwee-preforms ezahlukeneyo. Kwiindlela ezimbini zokubumba, inkqubo yokubumba i-injection stretch blow kulula ukuyilawula, inokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye inenkunkuma encinci, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu.
Xa kulungiswa iibhotile ezibunjiweyo, izilayi zePET zifakwa kuqala kwi-preform. Ifuna ukuba umlinganiselo wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zesibini ungabi phezulu kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5%), inani lamaxesha okuphinda kusetyenziswe akufuneki lidlule kabini, kwaye ubunzima be-molecular kunye ne-viscosity akufuneki zibe phantsi kakhulu (ubunzima be-molecular 31000-50000, i-intrinsic viscosity 0.78-0.85 cm3/g). NgokoMthetho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokutya, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zesibini ekupakisheni ukutya kunye namayeza akuvumelekanga. Ii-preform ezibunjiweyo ze-injection kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Ii-preform ezingasetyenziswanga emva kokufudumeza kufuneka zigcinwe ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-48 ngaphambi kokuba zifudunyezwe kwakhona. Ixesha lokugcina ibhotile akufuneki lidlule iinyanga ezintandathu.
Umgangatho we-preform uxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wezinto ze-PET, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izinto ezilula ukuzifutha nokuyila, kwaye wenze inkqubo efanelekileyo yokwenza i-preform. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ii-PET preforms ezine-viscosity efanayo kulula ukuzivuthulula ngezixhobo eziluhlaza ezingenisiweyo kunezixhobo eziluhlaza zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, iqela elifanayo lee-preforms linokuba neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba nge-blow ezinemihla eyahlukeneyo yemveliso. Umgangatho we-preform umisela ubunzima benkqubo yokubumba nge-blow. Iimfuno ze-preform kukucoceka, ukucaca, ukungabikho kokungcola, ukungabikho kombala, ubude obufanelekileyo be-injection point, kunye ne-halo ejikeleze.
Ukufudumeza i-preform kugqitywa yi-oven yokufudumeza, kwaye ubushushu bayo bumiselwa ngesandla kwaye bulungiswe ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwi-oven, izibane ze-infrared ezikude zikhupha imitha ye-infrared ekude ukuze zikhuphe ubushushu kwi-preforms, kwaye ifeni esezantsi kwe-oven yenza ukujikeleza kobushushu ukwenza ubushushu kwi-oven bufane. Ii-preforms ziyajikeleza ngelixa zihamba phambili kwi-oven, ukuze udonga lwe-preform lufudunyezwe ngokulinganayo.
Ukulungiswa kwezibane kwi-oven ngokuqhelekileyo kufana "ne-zone" ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kwaye zininzi kwiziphelo ezimbini kwaye zincinci phakathi. Ubushushu be-oven bulawulwa linani lezibane ezivuliweyo, ukuseta ubushushu ngokubanzi, amandla e-oven kunye nomlinganiselo wokufudumeza wecandelo ngalinye. Ukuvulwa kwetyhubhu yesibane kufuneka kulungiswe kunye nokuvuthelwa kwangaphambili kwebhotile. Ukuze i-oven isebenze ngcono, ukulungiswa kokuphakama kwayo, ipleyiti yokupholisa, njl. kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ukulungiswa akulunganga, iziphene ezifana nomlomo webhotile ovuthuzayo (umlomo webhotile uba mkhulu) kunye nentamo eqinileyo (izinto zentamo azinakutsalwa zivuleke) zinokwenzeka ngexesha lokubumba.
2. Izinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwee-embryo zebhotile
Iiplastiki zangaphambili luhlobo lokuqala lweebhotile zeplastiki kwinkqubo yokwenziwa. Iiparameter zazo ezinje ngobukhulu, umsonto kunye nobunzima zibalulekile kwaye zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nenjongo kunye nokusebenza kwebhotile.
Okokuqala, ubungakanani bepreform bubalulekile kwisikhongozeli sokugqibela sokupakisha. Xa simisela ubungakanani bepreform, kufuneka siqale siqwalasele injongo yebhotile. Ingaba yeyokutya, iziselo, izinto zokuthambisa okanye ezinye iindawo? Ukusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kunokufuna iibhotile ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla. Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo iimfuno zomthamo wemveliso, amandla epreform anokufunyanwa kwaye imilo efanelekileyo inokukhethwa, efana nesangqa, isikwere okanye i-oval.
Okwesibini, umsonto (i-caliber) ubhekisa kububanzi bomlomo webhotile kwaye ukwayiparameter ebalulekileyo. Ukulinganisa umsonto kuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo uthe tye ukuze kufunyanwe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo be-caliber. Ubungakanani bomsonto buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokuzalisa kunye nokuthululwa kwebhotile. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zinokufuna ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bemisonto, ngoko ke xa uyila ibhotile, kufuneka kukhethwe umsonto ngokufanelekileyo.
Okokugqibela, ubunzima begram yepreform bubhekisa kubunzima bebhotile, kubandakanya umzimba webhotile kunye nomlomo webhotile. Ubunzima begram yebhotile bunokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuyilinganisa okanye ngokusebenzisa isikali esijikelezayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kobunzima begram kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo namandla kunye nokuqina kwebhotile. Xa kujongwa ubunzima, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisela amandla olwakhiwo lwebhotile kunye nexabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela inamandla aneleyo kwaye iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho.
Lilonke, ubungakanani, umsonto kunye nobunzima be-preform zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwinqanaba loyilo lwebhotile yeplastiki. Ngokulinganisa ngononophelo kunye nokukhetha okufanelekileyo, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba ibhotile yokugqibela iyahlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso kunye nemigangatho yoshishino kwaye inika ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokupakishwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwebhotile, ingqalelo eqhubekayo kulawulo lwale parameters iya kunceda ukuvelisa iibhotile zeplastiki ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-27-2025