Ko te kukune o te pounamu kirihou te āhua tuatahi o te tukanga hanga pounamu kirihou. He mea nui ngā tawhā pēnei i te rahi, te miro me te taumaha, ā, e pā tika ana ki te whakamahinga me te mahi a te pounamu.
1. Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kounga o te preform me te kounga o te rauemi PET
Ko te Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) e kiia ana ko te polyester. Ka taea te wehewehe i te hanga o ngā pounamu kirihou PET ki te werohanga totoro pupuhi (whakarāpopototia ko te werohanga totoro pupuhi) me te extrusion totoro pupuhi (whakarāpopototia ko te extrusion totoro pupuhi) e ai ki ngā momo hanganga rerekē. O ngā tikanga e rua, ko te tukanga werohanga totoro pupuhi he ngāwari ki te whakahaere, he nui te pai o te whakaputa, he iti ake te para, ā, he maha ake te whakamahi.
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā pounamu pupuhi-whakakotahi, ka werohia tuatahitia ngā poro PET ki roto i te preform. Ko te tikanga, kaua e nui rawa te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi hangarua tuarua (iti iho i te 5%), kaua e neke atu i te rua ngā wā hangarua, ā, kaua hoki e iti rawa te taumaha ngota me te matotoru (taumaha ngota 31000-50000, matotoru ā-roto 0.78-0.85 cm3/g). E ai ki te Ture Haumaru Kai ā-Motu, kāore e whakaaetia te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua tuarua mō ngā takai kai me ngā rongoā. Me penapena ngā preform i werohia mō te neke atu i te 24 hāora i mua i te whakamahinga. Me penapena ngā preform kāore i whakamahia i muri i te whakamahana mō te neke atu i te 48 hāora i mua i te whakamahana anō. Kaua e neke atu i te ono marama te roa o te rokiroki o te pounamu.
Ko te kounga o te tauira whakapūmau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te rauemi PET, nō reira me whiriwhiri ngā rauemi e ngāwari ana ki te pupuhi me te hanga, me te whakatakoto i tētahi tukanga hanga tauira whakapūmau e tika ana. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau he ngāwari ake te pupuhi pokepokea ai ngā tauira whakapūmau PET o te matotoru ōrite ki ngā rauemi mata kawemai i ngā rauemi mata o te kāinga. Heoi, tera pea he rerekē ngā tukanga pupuhi pokepokea ai o te puranga tauira whakapūmau kotahi me ngā rā whakaputa rerekē. Ko te kounga o te tauira whakapūmau te whakatau i te uauatanga o te tukanga pupuhi pokepokea ai. Ko ngā whakaritenga mō te tauira whakapūmau ko te parakore, te mārama, te kore poke, te kore tae, te roa o te pūwāhi werohanga e tika ana, me te āwhata huri noa.
Ka oti te whakamahana o te oumu whakamahana te whakamahana, ā, ka whakatakotoria ā-ringa tōna pāmahana, ka whakatikatika aunoa hoki. I roto i te oumu, ka tukuna e ngā rama infrared tawhiti ngā hihi infrared tawhiti hei tuku wera ki ngā preform, ā, ka whakahaerehia e te hau i raro i te oumu te rere o te wera kia ōrite te pāmahana o te oumu. Ka hurihuri ngā preform i a rātou e neke whakamua ana i roto i te oumu, kia ōrite te wera o te pakitara o te preform.
Ko te whakatakotoranga o ngā rama i roto i te oumu he rite tonu ki te "rohe" mai i runga ki raro, he nui ake i ngā pito e rua, he iti iho i waenganui. Ko te wera o te oumu ka whakahaeretia e te maha o ngā rama e tahuna ana, te tautuhinga pāmahana whānui, te mana o te oumu me te ōwehenga whakamahana o ia wāhanga. Me whakarite te whakatuwheratanga o te ngongo rama me te pupuhi i mua i te pounamu. Kia pai ake ai te mahi a te oumu, he mea tino nui te whakarite i tōna teitei, i tōna pereti whakamatao, me ētahi atu. Mena kāore i te tika te whakarite, ka puta pea ngā hapa pēnei i te waha pounamu e pupuhi ana (ka nui ake te waha pounamu) me te kaki mārō (kāore e taea te kukume i te rauemi kaki) i te wā e pupuhi ana.
2. Ngā mea matua mō te hoahoa o ngā kukune pounamu
Ko ngā tauira kirihou te momo tuatahi o ngā pounamu kirihou i roto i te tukanga hanga. He mea nui ngā tawhā pēnei i te rahi, te miro me te taumaha, ā, e pā tika ana ki te kaupapa me te mahi a te pounamu.
Tuatahi, he mea nui te rahi o te puka whakapūmau ki te ipu tākai whakamutunga. Ina whakatau ana i te rahi o te puka whakapūmau, me whakaaro tuatahi tātou ki te kaupapa o te pounamu. Mō te kai, mō te inu, mō te whakapaipai, mō ētahi atu mara rānei? Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he pounamu o ngā āhua me ngā kaha rerekē mō ngā whakamahinga rerekē. Mā te āta whakaaro ki ngā whakaritenga kaha o te hua, ka taea te whakatau i te kaha o te puka whakapūmau, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te āhua tika, pērā i te porowhita, te tapawhā, te porowhita rānei.
Tuarua, ko te miro (caliber) e pā ana ki te diameter o te waha o te pounamu, ā, he tawhā matua anō hoki. Mā te ine i te miro ka whakarite kia whakapae te ine kia whiwhi ai i te rahi caliber tika. Ka pā tika te rahi o te miro ki te pānga whakakī me te ringihanga o te pounamu. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā rahi miro e hiahiatia ana mō ngā hua rerekē, nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i te pounamu, me whiriwhiri tika te miro.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te taumaha karamu o te tauira e pā ana ki te taumaha o te pounamu, tae atu ki te tinana o te pounamu me te waha o te pounamu. Ka taea te ine tika i te taumaha karamu o te pounamu mā te pauna, mā te whakamahi rānei i te tauine porowhita. Ko te whakatau i te taumaha karamu e pā tika ana ki te kaha me te pakari o te pounamu. Ina whakaarohia te taumaha, me whakataurite te kaha hanganga o te pounamu me te utu rauemi kia tino kaha te hua whakamutunga, ā, kia tutuki hoki i ngā whakaritenga o te ōhanga.
I te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui te rahi, te miro me te taumaha o te tauira i roto i te wāhanga hoahoa o te pounamu kirihou. Mā te ine āta me te whiriwhiri tika, ka taea te whakarite kia tutuki i te pounamu whakamutunga ngā whakaritenga hua me ngā paerewa ahumahi, ā, ka tino pai te mahi takai. I te wā o te tukanga hanga pounamu, mā te aro tonu ki te whakahaere i ēnei tawhā ka āwhina i te whakaputa i ngā pounamu kirihou kounga teitei.
Wā tuku: Maehe-27-2025