Uburyo bwo gutunganya hejuru y’ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika ubwiza ni umusaruro wo guhuza neza amabara, irangi, uburyo bwo gutunganya, ibikoresho, nibindi. Uburyo butandukanye butanga ingaruka zitandukanye z’ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika byarangiye.
Ⅰ. Ku bijyanye no gutera umuti
1. Gutera umuti ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ubuso, bukoreshwa haba kuri pulasitiki no mu bikoresho. Gutera umuti muri rusange birimo gutera amavuta, gutera ifu, nibindi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane ni gutera umuti muri peteroli. Gutera umuti muri peteroli bizwi cyane nka amarangi, agizwe na resins, pigment, solvents, nibindi bivange. Gutera umuti muri peteroli muri rusange bifite amarangi abiri, irifite ibara hejuru yitwa topcoat, naho urwego rugaragara cyane hejuru rwitwa irangi ririnda.
2. Intangiriro ku gikorwa cyo gutera imiti:
1) Gusukura mbere y'igihe. Urugero, gukuraho ivumbi rikoresha amashanyarazi.
2) Gutera ifu yo hejuru. Ifu yo hejuru muri rusange ni ibara rigaragara hejuru.
3) Gukamisha topcoat. Igabanyijemo kumisha bisanzwe ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba n'iyumisha ryihariye mu ifuru.
4) Gukonjesha topcoat. Kumisha ifuru mu buryo bwihariye bisaba gukonjesha.
5) Gutera irangi ririnda. Irangi ririnda rikoreshwa muri rusange mu kurinda irangi rinini, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari irangi ribonerana.
6) Gutunganya irangi ririnda.
7) Igenzura rya QC. Reba niba ryujuje ibisabwa.
3. Amavuta ya rubber
Amavuta ya rubber, azwi kandi nka elastic irangi, hand-feel irangi, ni irangi rigizwe n'ibice bibiri rikozwe mu ntoki. Irangi riterwa n'iri rirangi rifite uburyo bworoshye bworoshye kandi rikozwe mu ntoki. Ingorane z'amavuta ya rubber ni ibiciro bihenze, kuramba muri rusange, kandi byoroshye kugwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Amavuta ya rubber akoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho, mu bikoresho by'amajwi n'amashusho, MP3, terefone zigendanwa, imitako, ibikoresho by'imyidagaduro, imitwaro ya console, ibikoresho by'ubwiza, nibindi.
4. Irangi rya UV
1) Irangi rya UV ni incamake y'icyongereza y'imirasire ya ultraviolet (Ultra-VioletRay). Ingano y'uburebure bwa UV ikoreshwa cyane ni 200-450nm. Irangi rya UV rishobora kuvurwa gusa hakoreshejwe urumuri rwa ultraviolet.
2) Ibiranga irangi rya UV: ribonerana kandi rirabagirana, ubukana bwinshi, umuvuduko wo kuringaniza vuba, umusaruro ukorwa neza cyane, ifu yo kurinda, gukomera no kumurikira ubuso.
Ⅱ. Ibyerekeye gusiga amazi
1. Gushyira amazi mu cyuma ni inzira ikoreshwa mu gukoresha amashanyarazi. Mu magambo asanzwe, ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bushyira ibice by’ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyirwa mu cyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, bugashyira umuriro w’amashanyarazi, hanyuma bugashyira icyuma ku buso bw’ibice hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo kibe urwego rw’icyuma rumwe, rufite ubucucike kandi rufatanye neza.
2. Ibikoresho bikwiye gupfunyika amazi: Ikoreshwa cyane ni ABS, byaba byiza ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika amashanyarazi. Izindi plastiki zisanzwe nka PP, PC, PE, nibindi bigora gupfunyika amazi.
Amabara asanzwe yo ku buso: zahabu, feza, umukara, ibara ry'imbunda.
Ingaruka zisanzwe zo gukoresha electroplating: ubwiza bwinshi, matte, matte, uruvange, nibindi.
Ⅲ. Ku bijyanye no gusiga ifu mu cyuma gishyushya
1. Gushyira imashini mu cyuma gishyushya ni ubwoko bwa electroplating. Ni uburyo bwo gushyira imashini mu cyuma gishyushya ku buso bw'igikoresho mu cyuma gishyushya cyane.
2. Uburyo bwo gusiga ifu mu buryo bwa vacuum plaque: gusukura ubuso - gutera ifu mu buryo bwa antistatic ...
3. Ibyiza n'ibibi byo gutwikira ibintu mu buryo bwa vacuum:
1) Hari ibikoresho byinshi bya pulasitiki bishobora guterwa n'amashanyarazi.
2) Ishobora gusigwa amabara menshi mu ibara ry'umukara.
3) Imiterere ya pulasitiki ntihinduka mu gihe cyo gushushanya amashanyarazi, kandi gushushanya amashanyarazi yo mu gace runaka biroroshye.
4) Nta myanda ikorwa, ibyo bikaba bitangiza ibidukikije.
5) Gushyiramo umwuka mu buryo butari bwo gukwirakwiza amazi mu kirere bishobora gukorwa.
6) Ingaruka zo gushyiramo amashanyarazi ziragaragara cyane kurusha gushyiramo amazi.
7) Umusaruro wo gushyiramo imashini mu buryo bw'umwuka uri hejuru ugereranije n'uwo gushyiramo imashini mu buryo bw'amazi.
Ingaruka mbi zayo ni izi zikurikira:
1) Igipimo cy'ubusembwa bwo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka kiri hejuru kurusha icyo gufunga amazi.
2) Igiciro cyo gushyiramo imashini mu buryo bw'umwuka kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'icyo gushyiramo imashini mu mazi.
3) Ubuso bw'ipamba ry'umwuka udashaje ntibushobora kwangirika kandi bukeneye uburinzi bwa UV, mu gihe ubusanzwe amazi adakenera uburinzi bwa UV.
Ⅳ. Ibyerekeye IMD/Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gushushanya mu Imashini
1. Izina ry'IMD mu gishinwa: In-Mold Decoration Technology, izwi kandi nka ikoranabuhanga ridafite coating. Izina ry'Icyongereza: In-Mold Decoration, IMD ni ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ryo gushushanya ubuso, rifite agapira gakomeye gatuma ibintu bibonerana hejuru, urwego rw'ishusho rwacapwe hagati, urwego rw'inyuma rwo guteramo, na wino hagati, bishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bidashobora kwangirika, bikarinda ubuso gushwanyagurika, kandi bigatuma ibara rigumana urumuri igihe kirekire kandi ntibyoroshye gucika.
Imitako ya IMD mu ibumba ni inzira nshya ikorwa mu buryo bwikora. Ugereranyije n'imikorere gakondo, IMD ishobora koroshya intambwe zo gukora no kugabanya ibice byo gusenya, bityo ikabasha gukora vuba kandi ikagabanya igihe n'ikiguzi. Ifite kandi ibyiza byo kunoza ireme, kongera ubukana bw'ishusho no kunoza kuramba kw'ibicuruzwa. IMD ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza cyane. Ni ugucapa, gushushanya hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi, gukubita hejuru y'ishusho, hanyuma bigashyirwa hamwe na pulasitiki kugira ngo bikore, bikuraho inzira zo gukora za kabiri n'amasaha y'abakozi. Cyane cyane iyo hakozwe amatara yo inyuma, ubuso bwinshi bugonganye, ibyuma byigana, gutunganya imiyoboro y'imisatsi, imiterere y'urumuri rwumvikana, kubangamira imbavu, nibindi, bidashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe inzira zo gucapa no gusiga amarangi, ni cyo gihe cyo gukoresha inzira ya IMD.
Imitako ya IMD mu buryo bwa "informal" ishobora gusimbura inzira nyinshi gakondo, nko kohereza ubushyuhe, gutera imiti, gucapa, gukoresha amashanyarazi n'ubundi buryo bwo gushariza. Cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bisaba amashusho menshi y'amabara, amatara yo inyuma, nibindi.
Birumvikana ko bikwiye kuvugwa hano: imitako yose ya pulasitiki ishobora gusimburwa n'ikoranabuhanga rya IMD. IMD iracyafite imbogamizi mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho (nk'isano iri hagati y'ubukomere n'uburyo bwo gukamura, uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu neza, intera iri hagati y'imiterere yihariye n'udusimba, inguni y'umuvuduko, nibindi). Ibikoresho byihariye bigomba gutanga ibishushanyo bya 3D kugira ngo inzobere mu by'ubuhanga zibisesengure.
2. IMD irimo IML, IMF, na IMR
IML: MU BUMBA (uburyo bushyira urupapuro rw'imitako rwacapwe kandi rushyizwe mu ibumba ry'imashini, hanyuma rugashyira resin mu urwego rw'iwino ruri inyuma y'urupapuro rwacuzwe kugira ngo resin n'urupapuro bifatanye mu ishusho imwe ikomeye. Gucapa → gukubita → gutera imashini ya pulasitiki imbere.) (Nta kurambura, ubuso buto bugoramye, bukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya 2D);
IMF: MURI FILM YO GUTUNGA (hafi kimwe na IML ariko ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya 3D hashingiwe kuri IML. Gucapa → gushushanya → gukubita → gutera inshinge za pulasitiki imbere. Icyitonderwa: gushushanya ahanini ni ugukora vacuum ya PC \ gushushanya umuvuduko mwinshi.) (bikwiriye ibicuruzwa birebire cyane, ibicuruzwa bya 3D);
IMR: MURI MOLDING ROLLER (icyibandwaho ni urwego rwo kurekura rubber. PET FILM → igikoresho cyo gusohora imprime → wino yo gucapa → kole yo gucapa → inshinge ya pulasitiki y'imbere → wino n'inyunganira ya pulasitiki → nyuma yo gufungura imprime, imprime izarekura iva muri wino mu buryo bwikora. Ubuyapani bubyita transfer thermal cyangwa transfer thermal. Iyi mashini ikoresha uburyo bwa ROLL TOROLL, kandi imiterere yayo ikoreshwa na mudasobwa ya CCD. Igihe cyo guhindura impapuro ze ni kirekire, ikiguzi cy'imprime kiri hejuru, ikoranabuhanga ntiryoherezwa mu mahanga, ni uruhande rw'Ubuyapani gusa rufite.) (Filime iri ku buso bw'igicuruzwa irakurwaho, hagasigara wino gusa ku buso bw'igicuruzwa.);
3. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya IML, IMF na IMR (niba hari agace gato gasigaye hejuru).
Ibyiza by'ibicuruzwa bya IMD:
1) Ubudahangarwa ku gushwara, budahangarwa cyane ku ingese, kandi bumara igihe kirekire.
2) Ubwenge bwiza bw'ibice bitatu.
3) Irinda ivumbi, ntishobora guhumeka, kandi irwanya kwangirika gukomeye.
4) Ibara rishobora guhindurwa uko ubyishakiye, kandi imiterere ishobora guhindurwa uko ubyishakiye.
5) Ishusho ishyizwe neza.
V. Ku bijyanye no gucapa ecran ya silk
1. Gucapa silk screen ni uburyo bwa kera ariko bukoreshwa cyane mu gucapa.
1) Koresha agakoresho ko gusimbuza wino kugira ngo ushyire kuri ecran.
2) Koresha agakoresho gapima ku nguni idahinduka kugira ngo wino ikwirakwizwe neza ku ruhande rumwe. Muri iki gihe, wino izacapwa ku kintu cyacapwe bitewe n'uko cyashyizwemo hakurikijwe imiterere y'igihe ecran yakorwaga, kandi ishobora gucapwa inshuro nyinshi.
3) Agakoresho kacapye gashobora kubikwa no gukoreshwa nyuma yo gukaraba.
2. Ahantu hakoreshwa ibishushanyo bya silk screen: icapiro ry'impapuro, icapiro rya pulasitiki, icapiro ry'ibikomoka ku biti, ikirahure, icapiro ry'ibikomoka ku bumba, icapiro ry'ibikomoka ku ruhu, n'ibindi.
Ⅵ. Ibyerekeye gucapa pad
1. Gucapa amabati ni bumwe mu buryo bwihariye bwo gucapa. Bushobora gucapa inyandiko, amashusho n'amashusho ku buso bw'ibintu bidasanzwe, none ubu burimo gucapa by'ingenzi. Urugero, inyandiko n'imiterere biri ku buso bwa telefoni zigendanwa bicapwa muri ubu buryo, kandi gucapa hejuru y'ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoroniki nka clavier za mudasobwa, ibikoresho, n'ibipimo byose bikorwa no gucapa amabati.
2. Uburyo bwo gucapa pad buroroshye cyane. Bukoresha gravure y'icyuma (cyangwa umuringa, pulasitiki ya thermoplastic) n'umutwe ucapa pad ugonze ukozwe mu bikoresho bya silicone. Wino iri ku gapira ishyirwa ku buso bw'umutwe ucapa pad, hanyuma igakanda ku buso bw'ikintu gikenewe kugira ngo icapishe inyandiko, imiterere, nibindi.
3. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gucapa pad na silk screen printing:
1) Gucapa ku gitambaro bibereye ubuso butaringaniye n'ubuso bugose bufite imikingo minini, mu gihe gucapa ku gitambaro cya silk screen bibereye ubuso burambuye n'ubuso buto bugose.
2) Gucapa amabati bisaba ko amabati y'icyuma ashyirwa ahagaragara, mu gihe gucapa amabati ya silk hifashishijwe amabati.
3) Gucapa pad ni ugucapa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru, mu gihe gucapa silk screen ari ugucapa mu buryo butaziguye.
4) Ibikoresho bya mekanike bikoreshwa n'abo bombi biratandukanye cyane.
VII. Ibyerekeye icapiro ryo kohereza amazi
1. Icapiro ryo kohereza amazi, rizwi cyane nka decals z'amazi, ryerekeza ku kwimura imiterere n'ibishushanyo kuri za firime zishonga mu mazi zijya mu bice by'ubutaka binyuze mu muvuduko w'amazi.
2. Igereranya hagati yo kohereza amazi n'ikoreshwa rya IML:
Uburyo bwa IML: aho ishusho iherereye neza, aho ipfunyika ku mpande z'igishushanyo (chamfer cyangwa undercut ntibishobora gupfunyika), ingaruka z'igishushanyo zihindagurika, kandi ntizizigera zishira.
Kwimura amazi: aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye hadakwiye, aho igishushanyo mbonera gipfunyitse hadakwiye, aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye hadakwiye (ingaruka zidasanzwe zo gucapa ntizishobora kugerwaho), kandi zizashira.
VIII. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ubushyuhe
1. Kohereza ubushyuhe ni inzira nshya yo gucapa imaze imyaka irenga 10 gusa iturutse mu mahanga. Uburyo bwo gucapa muri ubu buryo bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: kohereza filime no gutunganya kohereza. Kohereza filime bikoresha uburyo bwo gucapa utudomo (ubuziranenge bugera kuri 300dpi), kandi igishushanyo mbonera gicapishwa mbere ku buso bwa filime. Imiterere yacapwe ikungahaye ku byiciro, ifite amabara meza, ihora ihinduka, ifite itandukaniro rito ry'amabara kandi ishobora kongera gutangwa. Ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'uwayishushanyije kandi ikwiriye gukorwa ku bwinshi; gutunganya kohereza hakoreshejwe imashini yo kohereza ubushyuhe kugira ngo itunganye (ishyushye kandi ishyiremo igitutu) rimwe kugira ngo yohereze igishushanyo cyiza kuri filime yo kohereza ku buso bw'igicuruzwa. Nyuma yo gushushanya, urwego rwa wino n'ubuso bw'igicuruzwa birahuzwa, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu bifatika kandi byiza, binongera cyane urwego rw'igicuruzwa. Ariko, kubera ikoranabuhanga ririmo, ibikoresho byinshi bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga.
2. Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bukoreshwa ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nka ABS, PP, pulasitiki, ibiti, n'ibyuma bisizwe. Filimi yo kohereza ubushyuhe ishobora gutegurwa no gukorwa hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kandi igishushanyo gishobora kwimurirwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho binyuze mu gukanda bishyushye kugira ngo birusheho kunoza urwego rw'ibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane muri pulasitiki, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibikinisho, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, impano, gupakira ibiribwa, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'izindi nganda.
IX. Ku bijyanye no gucapa irangi rikoreshwa mu bushyuhe
1. Ubu buryo bwakorewe by’umwihariko kugira ngo busharize ubuso bw’ibikoresho byakozwe mbere n’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bifite imiterere itatu. Ubu buryo ntibushobora gutanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gushwara no kurinda ubundi buryo bw’ibicuruzwa. Ahubwo, bushobora gutanga ubwiza bwo gucapa butoroshye gucika kandi bushobora kugaragaza amabara meza nubwo bwashwaragurika. Bitandukanye no gucapa ku mashusho cyangwa gushushanya, amabara agaragazwa n’ubu buryo ari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo gusiga irangi.
2. Irangi rikoreshwa mu gushyushya rishobora kwinjira hagati ya mikoro 20-30 mu buso bw'ikintu, bityo nubwo ubuso bwakosowe cyangwa bwakwanduzwa, ibara ryabwo rishobora kugumana urumuri rwinshi. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye, harimo na mudasobwa igendanwa ya SONY VAIO. Iyi mudasobwa ikoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo ikore uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bw'amabara n'imiterere itandukanye, bigatuma iki gicuruzwa kirushaho kuba cyiza kandi cyihariye.
Ⅹ. Ku bijyanye na verini yo gutekesha
1. Guteka vernishi bivuze ko nyuma yo gutera cyangwa gusiga irangi, igikoresho nticyemerewe kuvunguka mu buryo busanzwe, ariko igikoresho cyoherezwa mu cyumba cyo gutekesha vernishi, kandi urwego rw'irangi rugakira hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwa infrared.
2. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya varnish yo gutekesha n'irangi risanzwe: Nyuma yo gutekesha varnish, urwego rw'irangi ruba ruto, ntibyoroshye kugwa, kandi agace k'irangi kaba gasa neza kandi ibara rikaba ryuzuye.
3. Uburyo bwo guteka piyano ni ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo guteka ruvani. Uburyo bwayo buragoye cyane. Ubwa mbere, putty igomba gushyirwa ku kibaho cy'imbaho nk'urwego rwo hasi rw'irangi ryo gutera; nyuma yo kuringaniza putty, tegereza putty yumuke, hanyuma uyisukure neza; hanyuma usuke primer inshuro 3-5, hanyuma uyisukure n'amazi sandpaper n'igitambaro cyo gusya nyuma ya buri gusukura; amaherezo, suka inshuro 1-3 z'igitambaro cyo hejuru gitukura, hanyuma ukoreshe guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo utunganye urwego rw'irangi. Primer ni irangi ribonerana ryavuwe rifite ubugari bwa mm 0.5-1.5. Nubwo ubushyuhe bw'igikombe cy'icyuma bwaba dogere 60-80, nta kibazo kizaba kiri ku buso bwayo!
XI. Ku bijyanye no gushyushya
1. Oxidation bivuga uburyo ibintu bigenda hagati y’ikintu na ogisijeni mu kirere, ari byo byitwa oxidation reaction. Ni ikintu gisanzwe. Oxidation ivugwa hano ivuga uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu ku buso bw’ibikoresho. Ni uburyo bwo gukora oxidation bugenzurwa n’abantu. Oxidation ya anodi ikoreshwa cyane.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora: gukaraba hakoreshejwe alkali -- gukaraba amazi - gukaraba amazi - gukora - gukaraba amazi - gukaraba aruminiyumu - gukaraba amazi - gusiga irangi - gukaraba amazi - gufunga - gukaraba amazi - gukamura - igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'ububiko.
3. Akamaro k'ubushyuhe: kurinda no gushushanya, bishobora gusigwa irangi, gutwikirwa, kunoza imbaraga zo gufatanya hakoreshejwe irangi ry'umwimerere, no kunoza imbaraga zo gufatanya hakoreshejwe ibice bitwikiriye ibintu bidakomoka ku binyabuzima.
4. Okiside ya kabiri: Umusaruro uvangwa kabiri binyuze mu gufunga cyangwa gukuraho okiside ku buso bw'umusaruro, byitwa okiside ya kabiri.
1) Amabara atandukanye ku gicuruzwa kimwe ashobora kuba yegeranye cyangwa atandukanye cyane.
2) Gukora LOGO igaragara ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa. LOGO igaragara ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa ishobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyangwa ikaboneka binyuze mu gusiga ogisijeni.
XIⅠ.Ku bijyanye no gushushanya insinga za mekanike
1. Gushushanya insinga za mekanike ni inzira yo gusiga ibimenyetso ku buso bw'umusaruro binyuze mu gutunganya imashini. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwo gushushanya insinga za mekanike, nk'imirongo igororotse, imirongo idasobanutse, imigozi, imigozi, n'imirongo y'izuba.
2. Ibikoresho bikwiriye gushushanya insinga za mekanike:
1) Gushushanya insinga za mekanike ni igikorwa cyo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
2) Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki ntibishobora gukururwa mu buryo butaziguye. Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki nyuma yo gupfunyika amazi nabyo bishobora gukururwa mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo bigere ku mirongo, ariko igipfukisho ntikigomba kuba gito cyane, bitabaye ibyo biroroshye kugicagagura.
3) Mu bikoresho by'icyuma, insinga zikoreshwa cyane mu gushushanya insinga za mekanike ni aluminiyumu n'icyuma kitagira umugese. Kubera ko ubukana n'imbaraga bya aluminiyumu biri hasi ugereranyije n'iby'icyuma kitagira umugese, ingaruka zo gushushanya insinga za mekanike ni nziza kurusha iz'icyuma kitagira umugese.
4) Ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
XIⅠⅠ.Ku bijyanye no gushushanya hakoreshejwe laser
1. Gushushanya hakoreshejwe laser, bizwi kandi nka laser engraving cyangwa laser marking, ni inzira yo gutunganya ubuso hakoreshejwe amahame y'amaso.
2. Gukoresha ibishushanyo bya laser: Ibishushanyo bya laser birakwiriye ibikoresho hafi ya byose, kandi ibikoresho na pulasitiki ni imirima isanzwe. Byongeye kandi, hari ibikoresho bya bamboo n'ibiti, plexiglass, ibyuma, ikirahure, amabuye, kristalo, Corian, impapuro, ibyuma bifite amabara abiri, aluminium oxyde, uruhu, pulasitiki, epoxy resin, polyester resin, icyuma gisizwe amavuta, nibindi.
3. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ishusho y'insinga za laser n'ishusho y'insinga za mekanike:
1) Gushushanya insinga za mekanike ni ugukora imiterere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mekanike, mu gihe gushushanya insinga za mekanike ari ugutwika imiterere hakoreshejwe ingufu z'urumuri rwa mekanike.
2) Mu buryo bunyuranye, imiterere y'insinga zishushanyijeho ntabwo isobanutse neza, mu gihe imiterere y'insinga zishushanyijeho ikoresheje laser isobanutse neza.
3) Ubuso bw'insinga zishushanyijeho bufite aho buhurira n'aho buhagaze iyo bukozweho, mu gihe ubuso bw'insinga zishushanyijeho hakoreshejwe laser bufite aho buhagarara n'aho buhagaze iyo bukozweho.
XIⅠⅡ.Ku bijyanye no gutunganya ibintu bifite ububengerane bwinshi
Gukata ibyuma birebire cyane ni ugukata uruziga rw'imitako y'urumuri ku nkengero z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ukoresheje imashini ya CNC yihuta cyane.
1) Ni mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
2) Mu bikoresho by'icyuma, aluminiyumu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukata ibintu bifite urumuri rwinshi, kuko aluminiyumu yoroshye, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukata neza, kandi ishobora kugira imiterere myiza cyane ku buso.
3) Igiciro cyo gutunganya ni kinini, kandi muri rusange gikoreshwa mu gukata ibice by'icyuma.
4) Ikoreshwa cyane muri telefoni zigendanwa, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga.
XⅤKu bijyanye no koza
1. Gusukura ni uburyo bwo gukata imiterere ku buso bw'igicuruzwa binyuze mu gutunganya imashini.
2. Ahantu ho koza:
1) Ni mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
2) Ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, ibyapa by'ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibirango by'ikigo biriho bifite imirongo y'ubudodo igororotse cyangwa igororotse.
3) Imiterere imwe n'imwe ifite uburebure bugaragara ku buso bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
XⅥ. Ku bijyanye no guturika umucanga
Guturika umucanga ni igikorwa cyo gusukura no gukaraba ubuso bw'ubutaka hakoreshejwe umuvuduko w'umucanga. Umwotsi ufunze ukoreshwa nk'imbaraga zo gukora umuyoboro w'amazi wihuta cyane wo gutera ibikoresho (umucanga w'umuringa, umucanga wa quartz, corundum, umucanga w'icyuma, umucanga wa Hainan) ku muvuduko mwinshi ku buso bw'ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa, kugira ngo ishusho cyangwa imiterere y'ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ibikoresho bihinduke. Bitewe n'ingaruka n'imikorere yo gukata kw'ibikoresho ku buso bw'ibikoresho, ubuso bw'ibikoresho bugira isuku runaka n'ubukana butandukanye, kandi imiterere y'ubuso bw'ibikoresho irarushaho kuba myiza, bityo bikanoza uburyo igikoresho kidakora neza, byongera uburyo gifatana n'igitambaro, bigakomeza kuramba kw'igitambaro, kandi bikoroshya uburyo igitambaro gishyirwamo imitako no kugishyiraho.
2. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo guturitsa umucanga
1) Gutunganya mbere irangi ry'ibikoresho byo gusiga no gufatanya. Gutera umucanga bishobora gukuraho umwanda wose nk'ingese ku buso bw'ibikoresho, no gushyiraho igishushanyo cy'ingenzi cyane (kizwi cyane nka ubuso butoshye) ku buso bw'ibikoresho byo gusiga, kandi bishobora kugera ku rwego rutandukanye rw'ubukonje binyuze mu gusimbuza ibintu bitandukanye by'ingano, bikongera cyane imbaraga zo gufatanya hagati y'ibikoresho byo gusiga n'ibikoresho byo gusiga. Cyangwa bigatuma ibice byo gufatanya birushaho gukomera kandi bifite ubuziranenge bwiza.
2) Gusukura no gusiga irangi ku buso buto bw'ibice by'ibumba n'ibikoresho by'akazi nyuma yo kubitunganya. Gusiga irangi ku mucanga bishobora gusukura umwanda wose (nk'ibinini, amavuta n'ibindi bisigazwa) ku buso bw'ibice by'ibumba n'ibikoresho by'ibumba nyuma yo kubitunganya, no gusiga irangi ku buso bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo binoze imiterere y'ibikoresho, kugira ngo ibikoresho by'ibumba bigaragaze ibara ry'icyuma ringana kandi rihoraho, bigatuma isura y'ibikoresho by'ibumba irushaho kuba nziza.
3) Gusukura imiyoboro y'amazi no gushariza ubuso bw'ibice byakozwe mu mashini Guturika umucanga bishobora gusukura imiyoboro mito iri ku buso bw'icyuma gikoreshwa kandi bigatuma ubuso bw'icyuma gikoreshwa burushaho kuba bwiza, bikuraho ingaruka mbi z'imiyoboro y'amazi no kunoza urwego rw'icyuma gikoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, guturika umucanga bishobora gukora uduce duto cyane aho igice gikoreshwa gihurira, bigatuma igice gikoreshwa kirushaho kuba cyiza kandi gisobanutse neza.
4) Kunoza imiterere y’ibice. Nyuma yo guturitsa umucanga, ibice bya mashini bishobora gukora ubuso bumwe kandi bwiza kandi butoshye ku buso bw’ibice, kugira ngo amavuta yo kwisiga ashobore kubikwa, bityo bikanoza imiterere y’amavuta yo kwisiga, bikagabanya urusaku kandi bikongera igihe cyo gukora cy’imashini.
5) Ingaruka zo gusiga Ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe byihariye, gusiga umucanga bishobora kugira imiterere itandukanye cyangwa matte uko ubyifuza. Urugero nko gusiga ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga na pulasitiki, gusiga irangi rya jade, ubuso buto bw'ibikoresho by'imbaho, imiterere ku buso bw'ibirahure byakonjeshejwe, no gusiga irangi ku buso bw'imyenda.
17. Ku bijyanye no kwangirika
1. Guturika ni ugushushanya ibintu byaturikaga, bivuga gukoresha ibikoresho byo gushushanya kugira ngo hakorwe imiterere cyangwa inyandiko ku buso bw'icyuma.
2. Gukoresha ingese:
1) Ni mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
2) Ubuso bw'imitako, bushobora gukora imiterere yoroshye kandi igaragara ku buso bw'icyuma.
3) Gutunganya ingese bishobora gutuma habaho utwobo duto n'imiyoboro.
4) Gukata no gukata ifu.
18. Ku bijyanye no gusiga irangi
1. Gusukura ni uburyo bwo gukoresha ibindi bikoresho cyangwa uburyo bwo kumurikira ubuso bw'ikintu gikorerwamo. Intego nyamukuru ni ukubona ubuso bworoshye cyangwa indorerwamo, kandi rimwe na rimwe binakoreshwa mu gukuraho indorerwamo (matte).
2. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushushanya burimo: gushushanya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, gushushanya hakoreshejwe imiti, gushushanya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, gushushanya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, gushushanya hakoreshejwe amazi, no gushushanya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya magnetic.
3. Ahantu ho gushyira polishing:
1) Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byose bikenera ubuso burabagirana bigomba gusigwa neza.
2) Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki ntibirangishwa neza, ariko irangi rikoreshwa mu gusya.
19. Ku bijyanye no gusiga ikamba rishyushye
1. Gucapa hakoreshejwe imashini zishyushye, bizwi nka hot stamping, ni uburyo bwihariye bwo gucapa budakoresha wino. Icyapa cy'icyuma gicapa kirashyuha, hagashyirwamo imashini, hanyuma hagashyirwamo inyandiko cyangwa imiterere ya zahabu ku kintu cyacapwe. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zicapa hakoreshejwe imashini zishyushye n'izipakira, ikoreshwa rya aluminium ishyushye ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki riri kwiyongera cyane.
2. Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi rishyushye bukoresha ihame ryo kwimura urwego rwa aluminiyumu ruri muri aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi ku buso bw'ubutaka kugira ngo habeho ingaruka zidasanzwe z'icyuma. Kubera ko ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi rishyushye ari aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi, gusiga irangi rishyushye nanone byitwa gusiga irangi rishyushye rya aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi. Ubusanzwe irangi rikozwe muri aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi rigizwe n'ibikoresho byinshi, ibikoresho by'ibanze akenshi biba ari PE, hagakurikiraho gusiga irangi ritandukanye, gusiga irangi, gusiga irangi ry'icyuma (gusiga irangi rya aluminiyumu) no gusiga irangi rya kole.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gusiga irangi rishyushye ni uko iyo aluminum ishyizwemo amashanyarazi ikandagiwe n'isahani ishyushye yo gusiga irangi hamwe n'umuyoboro, urwego rwa silicone ishonga ishyushye n'umuyoboro uri kuri aluminiyumu ishonga ishyushye bishonga bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwa silicone ishonga ishyushye burushaho kuba buto, kandi ubushyuhe bwa aluminiyumu yihariye ifata ubushyuhe bwiyongera nyuma yo gushonga bitewe n'ubushyuhe, bityo urwego rwa aluminiyumu rugakurwa kuri filime y'ibanze ya aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi rugashyirwa kuri substrate icyarimwe. Iyo igitutu kivuyeho, aluminiyumu ikonja vuba kandi igakomera, maze urwego rwa aluminiyumu rufatana neza na substrate, bigasoza inzira yo gusiga irangi rishyushye.
3. Gushyiraho ikimenyetso gishyushye bifite inshingano ebyiri z'ingenzi: imwe ni ugushushanya hejuru y'urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa, bishobora kongera agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Gushyiraho ikimenyetso gishyushye hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya nk'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya bishobora kugaragaza neza ingaruka zikomeye z'imitako y'ibicuruzwa: iya kabiri ni uguha ibicuruzwa imikorere myiza yo kurwanya ibihimbano, nko gukoresha ibirango by'ubucuruzi bishyushye byo gushyira ikimenyetso gishyushye. Nyuma yo gushyiraho ikimenyetso gishyushye, ibicuruzwa bifite ishusho isobanutse kandi nziza, amabara meza kandi aryoshye, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kudahinduka kw'ikirere. Kuri ubu, uburyo bwo gushyiraho ikimenyetso gishyushye ku birango by'itabi byanditseho bungana na 85%. Mu gushushanya, gushyiraho ikimenyetso gishyushye bishobora kugira uruhare mu kongeramo imiterere irangirira no kugaragaza insanganyamatsiko y'igishushanyo. Bikwiriye cyane cyane gushariza ibirango by'ubucuruzi n'amazina yanditse.
20. Ku bijyanye no gukurura abantu benshi
Gukurura amasashe akenshi bifatwa nk'aho ari ibyo gushariza gusa, ariko mu by'ukuri bifite ibyiza byinshi. Urugero, mu dusanduku tw'imitako n'amavuta yo kwisiga, gukurura amasashe birakenewe kugira ngo birinde imitako n'amavuta yo kwisiga. Bishobora kandi gukumira ubushyuhe, bityo bikoreshwa mu modoka, mu bwato, cyangwa mu buryo bwo gukonjesha. Uburyo bubiri budasanzwe nshobora kwiyumvisha ni ugukurura ibikoresho byo ku meza bya ceramic, naho ubundi ni Miele's vacuum cleaner.
21. Ku bijyanye n'imitako idafite ifuro
Imitako idakozwe mu ifu ikunze gufatwa nk'inyongera yo gushushanya mu buryo bw'ingufu, aho kuba indi nzira yigenga. Gupfuka igitambaro ku rundi ruhande rwa telefoni igendanwa bisa nkaho bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse kugira ngo bigire ingaruka zidasanzwe, ariko bishobora gukorwa vuba kandi neza binyuze mu mitako idakozwe mu ifu. Ikirenzeho, ishobora gukorwa ku ifuro hatabayeho kongera kuyitunganya n'intoki.
22. Ku bijyanye no kwisiga irangi ryo kwivura
1. Iyi mvange ifite ubushobozi bwo kwivura mu buryo bw'igitangaza. Iyo hari uduce duto cyangwa imirongo mito ku buso, igihe cyose ikubiswe n'isoko y'ubushyuhe, ubuso buzasana inkovu ubwabwo. Ihame ni ugukoresha ubwiyongere bw'amazi y'ibikoresho bya polymer mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kugira ngo nyuma yo gushyuha, bijye mu mikoba cyangwa ibipfupfu bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'amazi kandi byuzure. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya ubuso bushobora gutanga uburinzi n'ubudahangarwa butigeze bubaho.
Ni nziza cyane mu kurinda imodoka zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane iyo duparitse imodoka munsi y'izuba, irangi riri ku buso bwayo rizasana imirongo mito cyangwa uduce duto, rigatanga ubuso butunganye cyane.
2. Imikoreshereze ijyanye nayo: Uretse kurinda ibice by'umubiri, ishobora gukoreshwa ku buso bw'inyubako mu gihe kizaza?
23. Ku bijyanye no gusiga amazi
1. Imyambaro gakondo idapfa amazi igomba gutwikirwa n'urupapuro rwa firime, ibyo bikaba bidashimishije gusa, ahubwo binahindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'ikintu ubwacyo. Imyambaro idapfa amazi yavumbuwe na P2I ikoresha imashini ikoresha vacuum sputtering kugira ngo ishyireho irangi ritapfa amazi rya polymer ku buso bw'igikoresho mu mwanya ufunze ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Kubera ko ubunini bw'iyi myambaro buri muri nanometero, isura yayo iragaragara cyane. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku bikoresho bitandukanye n'imiterere ya geometrike. Ndetse n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifite imiterere igoye n'uruvange rw'ibikoresho byinshi bishobora gutwikirwa neza n'uruvange rutapfa amazi na P2I.
2. Imikoreshereze ijyanye nayo: Iri koranabuhanga rishobora gutanga imikorere idapfa amazi ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imyenda, inkweto, nibindi. Udupira tw'imyenda n'ingingo z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga dushobora gupfukwa. Ibindi, harimo ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, bigomba kandi kugira imikorere idapfa amazi. Urugero, agakoresho ko muri laboratwari kagomba kugira imikorere idapfa amazi kugira ngo karinde ko amazi afungana, kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ingano y'amazi mu igerageza ari nziza kandi nta gihombo kirimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Mata 2025