Amashubhu aguquguqukayo avame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokupakisha zezimonyo. Ahlukaniswe ngamashubhu ayindilinga, amashubhu ayindilinga, amashubhu asicaba, kanye namashubhu ayisicaba kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesakhiwo somkhiqizo, ahlukaniswe ngamashubhu aguquguqukayo anesendlalelo esisodwa, esinezingqimba ezimbili, kanye nesendlalelo ezinhlanu. Ahlukile ngokwesimelano sokucindezela, ukumelana nokungena, kanye nokuzwa kwesandla. Isibonelo, ishubhu elinezingqimba ezinhlanu liqukethe isendlalelo sangaphandle, isendlalelo sangaphakathi, izingqimba ezimbili zokunamathela, kanye nesendlalelo sokuvimbela.
一, Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokubukeka
1. Izidingo zokubukeka: Ngokwesimiso, ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo noma isibani se-fluorescent esingu-40W, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo ebangeni elingama-30cm, akukho ukugoba kobuso, ukugqama (akukho migqa evundlile ekugcineni kwesivalo), ukuklwebheka, ukuklwebheka, nokusha.
2. Ubuso bubushelelezi, buhlanzekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle, bucwebezelisiwe ngokulinganayo, futhi ukucwebezela kuhambisana nesampula ejwayelekile. Akukho ukungalingani okusobala, imivimbo eyengeziwe, imihuzuko noma ukugoba, ukuguquka, imibimbi nezinye izinkinga, akukho ukunamathela kwezinto zangaphandle, futhi akukho ngaphezu kwamaqhubu amancane ama-5 kuphayiphi lonke. Kumaphayiphi anokuqukethwe okuphelele okungu-≥100ml, kuvunyelwe amabala ama-2; kumaphayiphi anokuqukethwe okuphelele okungu-<100ml, kuvunyelwe indawo eyodwa.
3. Umzimba weshubhu kanye nesembozo kuyisicaba, akunazimbobo, umonakalo, noma amaphutha entambo yesikulufu. Umzimba weshubhu uvalwe ngokuqinile, ukuphela kwesivalo kuyacwebezela, ububanzi besivalo buyahambisana, kanti usayizi ojwayelekile wesiphetho sesivalo ngu-3.5-4.5mm. Ukuphambuka kokuphakama kwesiphetho sesivalo sepayipi elifanayo kungu-≤0.5mm.
4. Umonakalo (noma yimuphi umonakalo noma ukubola kunoma iyiphi indawo yepayipi noma isivalo); umlomo ovaliwe; ungqimba lopende oluphuma ebusweni bepayipi> amamilimitha ayizikwele ayi-5; umsila wokuvala oqhekekile; ikhanda eliphukile; ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentambo.
5. Ukuhlanzeka: Ingaphakathi nangaphandle kwepayipi kuhlanzekile, futhi kukhona ukungcola okusobala, uthuli kanye nezinto zangaphandle ngaphakathi kwepayipi nesivalo. Akukho uthuli, uwoyela nezinye izinto zangaphandle, akukho phunga, futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka zezinto zokupakisha ezisezingeni lobuhle: okungukuthi, inani eliphelele lekoloni lingu-≤ 10cfu, kanti i-Escherichia coli, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus akumele zitholakale.
Futhi, izidingo zokwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokunyathelisa okunemifanekiso
1. Ukuphrinta:
Ukuphambuka kwesikhundla se-overprint kuphakathi kwezikhundla zomkhawulo eziphezulu neziphansi eziqinisekiswe yizinhlangothi zombili (≤±0.1mm), futhi akukho ghosting.
Imidwebo icacile futhi iphelele, ihambisana nombala wesampula, futhi umehluko wombala womzimba weshubhu kanye nemidwebo yayo ephrintiwe awudluli ububanzi bomehluko wombala wesampula ejwayelekile.
Ubukhulu nobukhulu bombhalo kufana nesampula ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu eziphukile, izinhlamvu ezimbozwe ngodaka, futhi akukho sikhala esimhlophe, okungathinti ukuqashelwa
Ifonti ephrintiwe ayinazo izingqimba ezicacile noma imiphetho yeyinki, ilungile, futhi ayinazo izinhlamvu ezingalungile, izinhlamvu ezingekho, izimpawu zokubhala ezingekho, imivimbo yombhalo engekho, ukufiphala, njll.
2. Imidwebo:
Ukuphrinta okungaphezulu kunembile, iphutha lokuphrinta okungaphezulu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko lingu-≤1mm, kanti iphutha lokuphrinta okungaphezulu kwezingxenye zesibili lingu-≤2mm. Azikho izindawo namabala acacile e-heterochromatic
Kumapayipi anokuqukethwe okuphelele okungu-≥100ml, kuvunyelwe amabala ama-2 angadluli ku-0.5mm ngaphambili, kanti indawo iyonke yendawo eyodwa ayidluli ku-0.2mm2, kanti amabala ama-3 angadluli ku-0.5mm avunyelwe ngemuva, kanti indawo iyonke yendawo eyodwa ayidluli ku-0.2mm2;
Kumapayipi anokuqukethwe okungaphansi kwe-100ml, kuvunyelwe indawo eyodwa engadluli ku-0.5mm ngaphambili, kanti indawo iyonke yendawo eyodwa ayidluli ku-0.2mm2, kanti amabala amabili angadluli ku-0.5mm avunyelwe ngemuva, kanti indawo iyonke yendawo eyodwa ayidluli ku-0.2mm2. 3. Ukuphambuka kwesikhundla sepuleti
Kumapayipi anokuqukethwe okunetha okungu-≥100ml, ukuphambuka okuqondile kwendawo yepuleti lokuphrinta akumele kudlule ±1.5mm, futhi ukuphambuka okuvundlile akumele kudlule ±1.5mm;
Kumapayipi anokuqukethwe okungaphansi kwe-100ml, ukuphambuka okuqondile kwendawo yepuleti lokuphrinta akumele kudlule i-±1mm, kanti ukuphambuka okuvundlile akumele kudlule i-±1mm.
4. Izidingo zokuqukethwe: kuyahambisana nefilimu kanye namasampula aqinisekiswe yizinhlangothi zombili
5. Umehluko wombala: imibala yokunyathelisa kanye neyokunyathela okushisayo ihambisana namasampula aqinisekiswe yizinhlangothi zombili, futhi ukuphambuka kombala kuphakathi kwemibala engenamkhawulo ephezulu nephansi eqinisekiswe yizinhlangothi zombili
三, usayizi wepayipi kanye nezidingo zesakhiwo
1. Usayizi wokucaciswa: kulinganiswa nge-vernier caliper ngokwemidwebo yomklamo, futhi ukubekezelelana kungaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe bemidwebo: ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kobubanzi kungu-0.5mm; ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kobude kungu-1.5mm; ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kobukhulu kungu-0.05mm;
2. Izidingo zesisindo: ezilinganiswe ngebhalansi enokunemba okungu-0.1g, inani elijwayelekile kanye nephutha elivumelekile kungaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwene ngabo bobabili abathintekayo: ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kungu-10% wesisindo sesampula esijwayelekile;
3. Umthamo womlomo ogcwele: ngemva kokugcwalisa isitsha ngamanzi angu-20°C nokulinganisa umlomo wesitsha, umthamo womlomo ogcwele wesitsha uvezwa yisisindo samanzi agcwele, futhi inani elijwayelekile kanye nobubanzi bephutha kungaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwene ngabo bobabili izinhlangothi: ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kungu-5% womthamo womlomo ogcwele wesampula ejwayelekile;
4. Ukufana kobukhulu (kufanele amapayipi anokuqukethwe okungaphezu kuka-50ML): Sika uvule isitsha bese usebenzisa igeyiji yobukhulu ukukala izindawo ezi-5 phezulu, phakathi naphansi ngokulandelana. Ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe akudluli ku-0.05mm
5. Izidingo zezinto: Ngokwezinto ezichazwe kwinkontileka esayinwe yizinhlangano zokuhlinzeka nezidingo, bheka amazinga kazwelonke afanele embonini ukuze ahlolwe, futhi uhambisane nesampula yokuvala
Izidingo zokuvala umsila
1. Indlela yokuvala umsila kanye nesimo kuhlangabezana nezidingo zenkontileka yazo zombili izinhlangothi.
2. Ukuphakama kwengxenye yokuvala umsila kuhlangabezana nezidingo zenkontileka yazo zombili izinhlangothi.
3. Ukuvalwa komsila kuphakathi nendawo, kuqondile, kanti ukuphambuka kwesobunxele nakwesokudla kungu-≤1mm.
4. Ukuqina kokuvala umsila:
Gcwalisa umthamo wamanzi oshiwo bese uwubeka phakathi kwamapuleti aphezulu naphansi. Isembozo kufanele sisuswe epuletini. Phakathi kwepuleti yokucindezela ephezulu, cindezela kufike ku-10kg bese uyigcina imizuzu emi-5. Akukho ukuqhuma noma ukuvuza emsileni.
Sebenzisa isibhamu somoya ukufaka umfutho womoya ongu-0.15Mpa epayipini imizuzwana emi-3. Akukho ukuqhuma komsila.
Izidingo zokusebenza zamapayipi
1. Ukumelana nokucindezela: bheka izindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo
Ngemva kokugcwalisa ipayipi cishe ngo-9/10 wamanzi anele, limboze ngesembozo esifanayo (uma kukhona ipulaki yangaphakathi, idinga ukufakwa ipulaki yangaphakathi) bese ulibeka liqonde emshinini wokomisa ukuze ulikhiphe liye ku--0.08MPa bese uligcina imizuzu emi-3 ngaphandle kokuqhuma noma ukuvuza.
Amasampula ayishumi akhethwa ngokungahleliwe kusuka eqoqweni ngalinye lezinto; amanzi anesisindo noma ivolumu efanayo nokuqukethwe okunetha komkhiqizo ngamunye ayengezwa eshubhuni lesampula bese ebekwa ngokuvundlile ngokwemvelo; umzimba weshubhu ucindezelwa ngokuqondile ngokucindezela okucacisiwe umzuzu owodwa, kanti indawo yekhanda lokucindezela ingu-≥1/2 yendawo yamandla esitsheni.
| Okuqukethwe kwe-intanethi | Ingcindezi | Izidingo ezifanelekile |
| ≤20ml（g） | 10KG | Akukho mifantu epayipini noma esivalweni, akukho msila oqhumile, akukho zinhlangothi eziphukile |
| <20ml(g)，<40ml(g) | 30KG | |
| ≥40ml（g） | 50KG |
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuwa: Gcwalisa ivolumu ethile yokuqukethwe, umboze isembozo, bese usilahla ngokukhululeka kusukela ekuphakameni okungu-120cm phansi kwesamente. Akufanele kube nemifantu, ukuqhuma kwemisila, noma ukuvuza. Akufanele kube nokufakwa okuxekethile kwepayipi noma isembozo, futhi kungabikho isembozo esixekethile.
3. Ukumelana nokubanda nokushisa (ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana):
Thela okuqukethwe epayipini noma cwilisa ingxenye yokuhlola kokuqukethwe, bese uyibeka endaweni yokushisa engu-48℃ no--15℃ amasonto ama-4. Uma kungekho ushintsho epayipini noma engxenyeni yokuhlola kanye nokuqukethwe, kuyafaneleka.
Hlola ibhetshi elilodwa kuzo zonke izigaba eziyi-10 zezinto; khipha izembozo ezintathu emgodini ngamunye ebhetshini lezinto, futhi inani eliphelele lezimbozo ezifanelana nebhetshi alikho ngaphansi kwamasethi angama-20; engeza amanzi anesisindo esifanayo noma ivolumu njengokuqukethwe okunetha ebhetshini; fudumeza ingxenye yesigamu yamasampula ku-48±2℃ ebhokisini lokushisa elihlala njalo bese ulibeka amahora angama-48; pholisa ingxenye yesigamu yamasampula ku--5℃ kuya ku--15℃ esiqandisini bese ulibeka amahora angama-48; khipha amasampula bese uwabuyisela ekushiseni kwegumbi ukuze kuhlolwe ukubukeka. Izinga lokufaneleka: Akukho ukuqhekeka, ukuguquka kokubukeka (ushintsho lokubukeka olungenakubuyiselwa esimweni salo sokuqala), noma ukushintsha kombala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yebhetshi noma isembozo, futhi akukho ukuqhekeka noma ukuphuka kwepayipi.
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuphuzi: Beka ipayipi ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet amahora angama-24 noma elangeni isonto eli-1. Uma kungekho ukushintsha kombala okusobala uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula ejwayelekile, iyafaneleka.
5. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana: Thela okuqukethwe epayipini noma cwilisa ingxenye yokuhlola kokuqukethwe, bese uyibeka ku-48℃, -15℃ amasonto ama-4. Uma kungekho ushintsho epayipini noma engxenyeni yokuhlola kanye nokuqukethwe, kuyafaneleka.
6. Izidingo zokunamathela:
● Ukuhlolwa kokuhlubuka kwetheyiphu ezwela ukucindezela: Sebenzisa itheyiphu engu-3M 810 ukuze unamathele engxenyeni yokuhlola, bese uyidabula ngokushesha ngemva kokuyithamba (awekho amabhamuza avunyelwe). Akukho ukunamathela okusobala etheyiphuni. Uyinki, ukunyathela okushisayo (indawo yeyinki kanye nokunyathela okushisayo okuwayo kuyadingeka kube ngaphansi kuka-5% wendawo yonke yobuso befonti ephrintiwe) kanye nendawo enkulu ye-varnish (engaphansi kuka-10% yendawo yonke yobuso) kuyawa ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
● Ithonya lokuqukethwe: Hlikihla emuva naphambili izikhathi ezingu-20 ngomunwe ocwiliswe kokuqukethwe. Okuqukethwe akushintshi umbala futhi akukho uyinki owela phansi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ufanelekile.
● Ukunyathela okushisayo akufanele kube nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-0.2mm obuwayo, kungabikho imigqa ephukile noma izinhlamvu eziphukile, futhi isikhundla sokunyathela okushisayo akufanele siphambuke ngaphezu kuka-0.5mm.
● Ukuphrinta isikrini sesilika, ubuso bepayipi, ukunyathela okushisayo: Ibhetshi elilodwa liyahlolwa kuwo wonke amabhetshi ayi-10, amasampula ayi-10 akhethwa ngokungahleliwe kusuka kubhetshi ngayinye yezinto zokwakha, bese efakwa ku-70% utshwala imizuzu engama-30. Akukho ukuwa ebusweni bepayipi, futhi izinga elingafaneleki lingu-≤1/10.
Izidingo zokufaneleka
1. Ukuqina kokulingana
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-torque (kusebenza ekulinganeni kwentambo): Uma isivalo esinomucu siqiniswe emlonyeni wepayipi nge-torque engu-10kgf/cm, ipayipi nesivalo akulimali futhi imicu ayisheleli.
● Amandla okuvula (asebenza ekulinganeni kwepayipi nesivalo): Amandla okuvula aphakathi nendawo
2. Ngemva kokufaka, ipayipi nesivalo akugobeki.
3. Ngemva kokufakwa kwesivalo sepayipi, isikhala siyalingana futhi akukho sithiyo lapho uthinta isikhala ngesandla sakho. Isikhala esiphezulu singaphakathi kwebanga eliqinisekiswe yizinhlangothi zombili (≤0.2mm).
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuvala:
● Ngemva kokugcwalisa ipayipi cishe ngo-9/10 wamanzi amaningi, vala isivalo esifanelana (uma kukhona ipulaki yangaphakathi, ipulaki yangaphakathi kumele ifane) bese uyibeka phansi emshinini wokomisa ukuze uyikhiphe iye ku--0.06MPa bese uyigcina imizuzu emi-5 ngaphandle kokuvuza;
● Gcwalisa amanzi ngokwesilinganiso esichaziwe esitsheni, qinisa isivalo bese usibeka phansi ku-40 ℃ amahora angama-24, akukho ukuvuza;
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-05-2024