Umuyoboro, ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bihendutse byo gupfunyika, ukoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'imiti ya buri munsi kandi ukunzwe cyane. Umuyoboro mwiza ntushobora kurinda gusa ibirimo, ahubwo unatuma urwego rw'ibicuruzwa rurushaho kwiyongera, bityo ugahemba abaguzi benshi mu bigo bicuruza imiti ya buri munsi. Rero, ku bigo bicuruza imiti ya buri munsi, uburyo bwo guhitamo ubwiza buhanitse.imiyoboro ya pulasitikiIbikwiriye ibicuruzwa byabo? Ibi bikurikira bizagaragaza ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi.
Guhitamo n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubwiza bw'imiyoboro, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku itunganywa n'ikoreshwa rya nyuma ry'imiyoboro. Ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ya pulasitiki birimo polyethylene (ku mubiri w'umuyoboro n'umutwe w'umuyoboro), polypropylene (igifuniko cy'umuyoboro), masterbatch, resin y'ingoboka, wino yo gucapa, varnish, nibindi. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho ibyo ari byo byose bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'umuyoboro. Ariko, guhitamo ibikoresho biterwa kandi n'ibintu nk'ibisabwa ku isuku, imiterere y'imiyoboro (ibisabwa kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke, umwuka w'amazi, kubungabunga impumuro nziza, nibindi), ndetse no kudakoresha imiti.
Guhitamo imiyoboro: Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho bikoreshwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku, kandi ibintu byangiza nk'ibyuma biremereye n'ibikoresho bitanga urumuri bigomba kugenzurwa mu rugero rwagenwe. Urugero, ku miyoboro yoherezwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, polyethylene (PE) na polypropylene (PP) bikoreshwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho bya 21CFR117.1520 by'Ikigo gishinzwe Ibiribwa n'Imiti muri Amerika (FDA).
Imiterere y'ibikoresho: Niba ibikubiye mu ipaki y'ibigo bicuruza imiti ya buri munsi ari bimwe mu bicuruzwa bishobora kwangiza cyane ogisijeni (nk'amavuta amwe n'amwe yo kwisiga) cyangwa impumuro yayo ikaba ihindagurika cyane (nk'amavuta y'ingenzi cyangwa andi mavuta, aside, umunyu n'ibindi binyabutabire byangiza), imiyoboro ifite ibice bitanu igomba gukoreshwa muri iki gihe. Kubera ko ubushobozi bwa ogisijeni bwo kwinjira mu muyoboro ufite ibice bitanu (polyethylene/adhesive resin/EVOH/adhesive resin/polyethylene) ari 0.2-1.2 units, mu gihe ubushobozi bwa ogisijeni bwo kwinjira mu muyoboro usanzwe wa polyethylene ni 150-300 units. Mu gihe runaka, igipimo cyo kugabanya ibiro cy'umuyoboro urimo ethanol kiri hasi cyane kurusha icy'umuyoboro ufite ibice bimwe. Byongeye kandi, EVOH ni copolymer ya ethylene-vinyl alcohol ifite imiterere myiza yo kwirinda no kubika impumuro nziza (ubunini bwa mikoroni 15-20 ni bwo bwiza cyane).
Ubukomere bw'ibikoresho: Ibigo bikora imiti bya buri munsi bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku bukomere bw'imiyoboro, none se wabigeraho ute? Polyethylene ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ni polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke, polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi, na polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke. Muri byo, ubukomere bwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ni bwiza kuruta ubwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke, bityo ubukomere bwifuzwa bushobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe guhindura ikigereranyo cya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi/polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire: Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza kurusha polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ikirere: Kugira ngo hagenzurwe imikorere y'igihe gito cyangwa kirekire y'umuyoboro, ibintu nk'isura, kudahangarwa n'igitutu/kugwa, imbaraga zo kuziba, kudahangarwa n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije (agaciro ka ESCR), impumuro nziza no gutakaza ibintu bikora bigomba kwitabwaho.
Guhitamo masterbatch: Masterbatch igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umuyoboro. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo masterbatch, ikigo gikoresha kigomba gusuzuma niba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira neza, kuyungurura no kudahindagurika kw'ubushyuhe, kudahindagurika kw'ikirere no kudahindagurika kw'umusaruro. Muri byo, kudahangana kw'umusaruro wa masterbatch ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gukoresha umuyoboro. Iyo masterbatch idahuye n'umusaruro, ibara rya masterbatch rizimukira ku musaruro, kandi ingaruka ni mbi cyane. Kubwibyo, amasosiyete ya shimi ya buri munsi agomba kugerageza kudahindagurika kw'umusaruro mushya n'imiyoboro (ibizamini byihutishwa mu buryo bwagenwe).
Ubwoko bwa varnish n'imiterere yayo: Varnish ikoreshwa mu muyoboro igabanyijemo ubwoko bwa UV n'ubwoko bwa humure, kandi ishobora kugabanywamo ubuso bubengerana n'ubuso butagaragara neza bitewe n'uko igaragara. Varnish ntitanga gusa imiterere myiza y'amaso, ahubwo inarinda ibirimo kandi igira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kubuza ogisijeni, umwuka w'amazi n'impumuro nziza. Muri rusange, varnish yumisha ubushyuhe ifite uburyo bwo gufata neza imashini ishyushye ikurikiraho no gucapa ikoresheje silk-screen, mu gihe varnish ya UV ifite ububengerane bwiza. Amasosiyete akora imiti ya buri munsi ashobora guhitamo varnish ikwiye bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byayo. Byongeye kandi, varnish yavuwe igomba kuba ifite uburyo bwo gufata neza, ubuso bworoshye butagira aho bubohokera, budashobora gupfunyika, budashobora kwangirika, budashobora kwangirika, kandi nta ibara rihinduka mu gihe cyo kubika.
Ibisabwa ku mubiri w'umuyoboro/umutwe w'umuyoboro: 1. Ubuso bw'umubiri w'umuyoboro bugomba kuba bworoshye, nta mirongo, imikufi, imitsi, cyangwa guhindagurika kw'imitsi. Umubiri w'umuyoboro ugomba kuba ugororotse kandi udahetamye. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro bugomba kuba bumwe. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro, uburebure bw'umuyoboro, n'ubugari bw'umurambararo bigomba kuba biri mu rugero rwagenwe;
2. Umutwe w'umuyoboro n'umubiri w'umuyoboro bigomba kuba bifatanye neza, umurongo uhuza ugomba kuba mwiza kandi mwiza, kandi ubugari bugomba kuba bumwe. Umutwe w'umuyoboro ntugomba kuba ugoramye nyuma yo guhuza; 3. Umutwe w'umuyoboro n'igipfundikizo cy'umuyoboro bigomba kuba bihuye neza, byinjire kandi bisohoke neza, kandi ntibigomba kuba binyerera mu rugero rwagenwe rw'imbaraga, kandi ntibigomba kuba amazi cyangwa umwuka uva hagati y'umuyoboro n'igipfundikizo;
Ibisabwa mu gucapa: Gutunganya imiyoboro y'amazi akenshi bikoresha uburyo bwa lithographic offset printing (OFFSET), kandi wino nyinshi ikoreshwa ni imirasire ya UV yumye, ibi bikaba bisaba gufatana cyane no kudahinduka kw'ibara. Ibara ry'icapa rigomba kuba riri mu rugero rwagenwe rw'ubujyakuzimu, aho icapa rigomba kuba riri hakwiye, aho inyuguti zinyura hejuru y'inyuguti zigomba kuba ziri hagati ya 0.2mm, kandi inyuguti zigomba kuba zuzuye kandi zisobanutse.
Ibisabwa ku mipfundikizo ya pulasitiki: Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki ubusanzwe ikorwa mu imashini ya polypropylene (PP). Imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki nziza cyane ntigomba kugira imirongo igaragara yo gushonga no kugaragara, imirongo y'ibihumyo yoroshye, ingano nyayo, kandi ikwiranye neza n'umutwe w'umuyoboro. Ntigomba kwangiza imiterere y'inyubako nko kwangirika cyangwa gucikagurika mu gihe gisanzwe. Urugero, iyo imbaraga zo gufungura ziri mu rwego rwo hejuru, umupfundikizo ugomba kuba ushobora kwihanganira imipfundikizo irenga 300 idacika.
Ndizera ko uhereye kuri ibi byavuzwe haruguru, amasosiyete menshi akora imiti ya buri munsi agomba kuba ashobora guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo imiyoboro myiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-06-2024