Ko ngā ngongo ngāwari he rauemi takai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mea whakapaipai. E wehea ana ēnei ki ngā ngongo porowhita, ngā ngongo porotītaha, ngā ngongo papatahi, me ngā ngongo tino papatahi i runga i te hangarau. E ai ki te hanganga hua, ka wehea ēnei ki ngā ngongo ngāwari papatahi-papa, paparua-papa, me ngā ngongo paparima-papa. He rerekē ēnei i runga i te ātete ki te pēhanga, te ātete ki te urunga, me te pā o te ringa. Hei tauira, ko te ngongo paparima-papa he paparanga o waho, he paparanga o roto, he paparanga piri e rua, me te paparanga ārai.
Ngā whakaritenga āhua taketake
1. Ngā whakaritenga āhua: Ko te tikanga, i raro i te māramatanga taiao, i te rama rama 40W rānei, tirohia te mata i te tawhiti o te 30cm, kāore he pupuhi mata, he whakairo (kāore he rārangi whakarara i te pito o te hiri), he karawarawa, he karawarawa, he wera rānei.
2. He maeneene te mata, he ma te roto, he ma hoki te oro, ā, he rite te kanapa ki te tauira paerewa. Kāore he āhua koretake e kitea ana, he rārangi tāpiri, he karawarawa, he kōhao rānei, he rerekētanga, he kita me ētahi atu āhuatanga rerekē, kāore he piri o ngā mea ke, ā, kāore e neke atu i te 5 ngā puku iti i runga i te ngongo katoa. Mō ngā ngongo he ≥100ml te nui o te kupenga, e rua ngā ira e whakaaetia ana; mō ngā ngongo he <100ml te nui o te kupenga, kotahi te ira e whakaaetia ana.
3. He papatahi te tinana me te taupoki o te ngongo, kāore he pūwero, he pakaru, he hapa rānei o te miro tīwiri. He piri te hiri o te tinana ngongo, he ōrite te pito o te hiri, he ōrite te whānui o te hiri, ā, ko te rahi paerewa o te pito o te hiri he 3.5-4.5mm. Ko te rerekētanga teitei o te pito o te hiri o te ngongo kotahi he ≤0.5mm.
4. Pakaru (tetahi pakaru, te pirau rānei i tetahi tūranga o te ngongo, o te taupoki rānei); te waha kua kati; te tihorenga o te paparanga peita i te mata o te ngongo > 5 mirimita tapawha; te pakaru o te hiku hiri; te whati o te pane; te rerekētanga nui o te miro.
5. Te Āhua o te Hauora: He ma te roto, he ma hoki te taha o waho o te ngongo, ā, he mārama te kitea o te paru, te puehu me ngā mea ke i roto i te ngongo me te taupoki. Kāore he puehu, he hinu me ētahi atu mea ke, kāore he haunga, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga akuaku o ngā rauemi takai whakapaipai: arā, ko te tapeke o ngā koroni he ≤ 10cfu, ā, kaua e kitea te Escherichia coli, te Pseudomonas aeruginosa me te Staphylococcus aureus.
Ngā whakaritenga mō te maimoatanga mata me te tā whakairoiro
1. Te tānga:
Ko te rerekētanga o te tūranga tānga-tā kei waenganui i ngā tūranga rohe o runga me raro kua whakaūtia e ngā taha e rua (≤±0.1mm), ā, kāore he huna.
He mārama, he oti hoki ngā whakairoiro, he rite ki te tae o te tauira, ā, ko te rerekētanga tae o te tinana ngongo me ōna whakairoiro tānga kāore e neke ake i te whānuitanga rerekētanga tae o te tauira paerewa.
He rite te rahi me te matotoru o te tuhinga ki te tauira paerewa, kāore he pūāhua pakaru, he pūāhua paru, ā, kāore he mokowā mā, kāore e pā ki te mōhiotanga.
Kāore he tapa taratara, he tapa waituhi rānei o te momotuhi kua tāia, he tika, ā, kāore he pūāhua hē, he pūāhua ngaro, he tohu pūrākau ngaro, he whiu tuhinga ngaro, he pōuriuri, me ētahi atu.
2. Whakairoiro:
He tika te tānga-tāpiri, ko te hapa tānga-tāpiri o ngā wāhanga matua he ≤1mm, ā, ko te hapa tānga-tāpiri o ngā wāhanga tuarua he ≤2mm. Kāore he ira me ngā ira heterochromatic e kitea ana.
Mō ngā ngongo he ≥100ml te nui o te wai, e rua ngā ira kāore e neke atu i te 0.5mm te whānui e whakaaetia ana ki mua, ā, kaua te horahanga katoa o te ira kotahi e neke atu i te 0.2mm2, ā, e toru ngā ira kāore e neke atu i te 0.5mm te whānui e whakaaetia ana ki muri, ā, kaua te horahanga katoa o te ira kotahi e neke atu i te 0.2mm2;
Mō ngā ngongo he iti iho i te 100ml te rahi, kotahi te ira kāore e neke atu i te 0.5mm te rahi i mua, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 0.2mm2 te rahi katoa o te ira kotahi, ā, kia rua ngā ira kāore e neke atu i te 0.5mm te rahi i muri, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 0.2mm2 te rahi katoa o te ira kotahi. 3. Te rerekētanga o te tūranga pereti
Mō ngā ngongo he ≥100ml te nui o te wai, kaua te peka poutū o te tūranga pereti tā e neke ake i te ±1.5mm, ā, kaua te peka whakapae e neke ake i te ±1.5mm;
Mō ngā ngongo he iti iho i te 100ml te nui o te wai, kaua te peka poutū o te tūranga pereti tā e neke ake i te ±1mm, ā, kaua hoki te peka whakapae e neke ake i te ±1mm.
4. Ngā whakaritenga ihirangi: kia rite ki te kiriata me ngā tauira kua whakamanahia e ngā taha e rua
5. Rerekētanga tae: he rite tonu ngā tae tā me te tā wera ki ngā tauira i whakaūtia e ngā taha e rua, ā, ko te rerekētanga tae kei waenganui i ngā tae rohe o runga me raro i whakaūtia e ngā taha e rua
Tuatahi, ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi me te hanganga o ngā ngongo
1. Rahi Whakatakotoranga: inehia ki te caliper vernier kia rite ki ngā tuhi hoahoa, ā, kei roto te manawanui i te whānuitanga kua tohua o ngā tuhi: ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana o te diameter ko 0.5mm; ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana o te roa ko 1.5mm; ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana o te matotoru ko 0.05mm;
2. Ngā whakaritenga taumaha: inehia ki te pauna me te tika o te 0.1g, ko te uara paerewa me te hapa e whakaaetia ana kei roto i te awhe kua whakaaetia e ngā taha e rua: ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ko te 10% o te taumaha tauira paerewa;
3. Te kaha o te waha katoa: i muri i te whakakī i te ipu ki te wai 20℃ me te whakataurite i te waha o te ipu, ko te kaha o te waha katoa o te ipu ka whakaatuhia e te taumaha o te wai kua whakakīia, ā, ko te uara paerewa me te awhe hapa kei roto i te awhe kua whakaaetia e ngā taha e rua: ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ko te 5% o te kaha o te waha katoa o te tauira paerewa;
4. Te ōritetanga o te matotoru (e tika ana mō ngā ngongo he nui ake i te 50ML te nui o ngā mea kei roto): Tapahia te ipu, ā, whakamahia he ine matotoru hei ine i ngā wāhi e 5 ki runga, ki waenganui, me raro. Kaua e neke atu i te 0.05mm te rerekētanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana.
5. Ngā whakaritenga rauemi: E ai ki ngā rauemi kua tohua i roto i te kirimana kua hainatia e ngā rōpū tuku me te tono, tirohia ngā paerewa ahumahi ā-motu e rite ana mō te tirotiro, me te rite ki te tauira hiri.
Ngā whakaritenga hiri hiku
1. Ka tutuki i te tikanga me te āhua o te hiri o te hiku ngā whakaritenga o te kirimana a ngā taha e rua.
2. Ka tutuki i te teitei o te wāhanga hiri hiku ngā whakaritenga kirimana a ngā taha e rua.
3. Kei waenganui te hiri o te hiku, he tika, ā, ko te peka maui me te matau he ≤1mm.
4. Te pakari o te hiri o te hiku:
Whakakīia te nui o te wai kua tohua, ka whakanoho ki waenganui i ngā pereti o runga me raro. Me neke te taupoki i waho o te pereti. I waenganui o te pereti pēhanga o runga, pēhia ki te 10kg, ka pupuri mō te 5 meneti. Kāore he pakaru, he turuturu rānei i te hiku.
Whakamahia he pū hau hei pēhi i te pēhanga hau 0.15Mpa ki te ngongo mō te 3 hēkona. Kaua e pakū te hiku.
Ngā whakaritenga mahi a ngā ngongo
1. Ātete pēhanga: tirohia ngā tikanga e rua e whai ake nei
I muri i te whakakī i te ngongo wai ki te 9/10 o te nui rawa o te wai, taupokina ki te taupoki e rite ana (mēnā he mono o roto, me whai mono o roto) ka whakatakotoria kia papatahi ki roto i te mīhini whakamaroke korehau kia neke ki te -0.08MPa, ā, waiho mō te 3 meneti, kaua e pakū, e turuturu rānei.
Tekau ngā tauira ka tīpakohia matapōkeretia mai i ia puranga rauemi; ka tāpirihia he wai he rite te taumaha, te rahinga rānei ki te nui o ia hua ki te ngongo tauira, ā, ka whakatakotoria whakapaetia; ka pēhia poutū te tinana o te ngongo ki te pēhanga kua tohua mō te 1 meneti, ā, ko te horahanga o te pane pēhanga he ≥1/2 o te horahanga kaha o te ipu.
| Ihirangi kupenga | Pēhanga | Ngā whakaritenga whai mana |
| ≤20ml（g） | 10KG | Kāore he pakaru o te ngongo, o te taupoki rānei, kāore he pakaru o te hiku, kāore he pito whati. |
| <20ml(g),<40ml(g) | 30KG | |
| ≥40ml（g） | 50KG |
2. Whakamātautau maturuturu: Whakakīia te nui o ngā mea kua tohua, taupokina te taupoki, ka maturuturu noa mai i te teitei o te 120cm ki runga i te papa sima. Kaua e pakaru, e pahū te hiku, e turuturu rānei. Kaua e wetekina te hononga o te ngongo, o te taupoki rānei, ā, kaua hoki e wetekina te taupoki.
3. Ātete ki te makariri me te wera (whakamātautau hototahi):
Ringihia ngā mea o roto ki roto i te ngongo wai, tōia rānei te wāhanga whakamātautau ki roto, ka whakanoho ki te pāmahana 48℃ me te -15℃ mō ngā wiki e 4. Mēnā kāore he huringa i roto i te ngongo wai, i te wāhanga whakamātautau rānei me ngā mea o roto, kua tika.
Whakamātauria kia kotahi te puranga o ia puranga rauemi 10; tangohia kia 3 ngā taupoki mai i ia kōhao i roto i tētahi puranga rauemi, ā, ko te tapeke o ngā taupoki e rite ana ki te ngongo kia kaua e iti iho i te 20 ngā huinga; tāpirihia he wai he rite te taumaha, te rahinga rānei ki te nui o te wai ki roto i te ngongo; whakamahanahia te 1/2 o ngā tauira ki te 48±2℃ i roto i tētahi pouaka pāmahana pumau, ka waiho mō ngā hāora 48; whakamataohia te 1/2 o ngā tauira ki te -5℃ ki te -15℃ i roto i tētahi pouaka whakamātao ka waiho mō ngā hāora 48; tangohia ngā tauira ka whakahokia ki te pāmahana rūma hei tirotiro i te āhua. Paerewa Tohu: Kāore he pakaru, he whakarerekētanga āhua (he rerekētanga āhua kāore e taea te whakahoki ki tōna āhua taketake), he rerekētanga rānei te tae o tētahi wāhanga o te ngongo, o te taupoki rānei, ā, kāore he pakaru, he whati rānei o te ngongo.
4. Whakamātautau kōwhai: Whakatakotoria te ngongo ki raro i te mārama ultraviolet mō ngā hāora 24, ki raro rānei i te rā mō te wiki kotahi. Mēnā kāore he rerekētanga mārama ki te tauira paerewa, kua tohua.
5. Whakamātautau hototahi: Ringihia ngā mea o roto ki roto i te ngongo wai, ruia rānei te wahi whakamātautau ki roto i ngā mea o roto, ka whakanoho ki te 48℃, -15℃ mō ngā wiki e 4. Mēnā kāore he huringa i roto i te ngongo wai, i te wahi whakamātautau rānei me ngā mea o roto, kua tika.
6. Ngā whakaritenga piri:
● Whakamātautau tihore rīpene tairongo-pēhanga: Whakamahia te rīpene 3M 810 hei piri ki te wāhanga whakamātautau, ka haehae wawe i muri i te whakapapatahi (kāore e whakaaetia he mirumiru). Kāore he piri kitea ki te rīpene. Ko te mangumangu, te tā wera (me iti iho i te 5% o te horahanga mata katoa o te momotuhi kua tāia te horahanga o te mangumangu me te tā wera) me te horahanga nui o te wanihi (iti iho i te 10% o te horahanga mata katoa) ka tohua hei tohu.
● Te awe o ngā mea o roto: Mirimirihia ki mua, ki muri, kia 20 ngā wā me te tō o te maihao ki roto i ngā mea o roto. Kāore ngā mea o roto e rerekē te tae, ā, kāore hoki te waituhi e taka kia tika ai.
● Kaua te diameter o te tā wera e neke atu i te 0.2mm te taka, kaua hoki he rārangi whati, he pūāhua pakaru rānei, ā, kaua hoki te tūranga tā wera e neke atu i te 0.5mm.
● Tānga mata hiraka, mata ngongo, tā wera: Kotahi te puranga ka whakamatautauria mō ia puranga 10, ka tīpakohia matapōkeretia ngā tauira 10 mai i ia puranga rauemi, ā, ka rumakina ki te waipiro 70% mō te 30 meneti. Kāore e taka ki te mata ngongo, ā, ko te reiti kore tohu he ≤1/10.
Ngā whakaritenga mō te taunga
1. Te piri o te taunga
● Whakamātautau taipana (e pā ana ki te taunga miro): Ina whakakīia te taupoki miro ki te waha o te ngongo me te taipana o te 10kgf/cm, kāore te ngongo me te taupoki e pakaru, ā, kāore hoki ngā miro e paheke.
● Te kaha whakatuwheratanga (e pā ana ki te urunga o te ngongo ki te taupoki): He taurite te kaha whakatuwheratanga
2. I muri i te whakaurunga, kāore te ngongo me te taupoki e piko.
3. Whai muri i te whakaurunga o te taupoki ngongo, ka ōrite te āputa, ā, kāore he arai ina pā atu tō ringa ki te āputa. Kei roto i te awhe kua whakaūtia e ngā taha e rua te āputa mōrahi (≤0.2mm).
4. Whakamātautau hiri:
● I muri i te whakakī i te ngongo wai ki te 9/10 o te nui rawa o te wai, taupokina te taupoki e ōrite ana (mēnā he mono o roto, me ōrite te mono o roto) ka whakatakotoria kia papatahi ki roto i te mīhini whakamaroke korehau kia heke ki te -0.06MPa, ā, puritia mō te 5 meneti, kia kore ai e turuturu;
● Whakakīia te wai kia rite ki te nui o te wai i roto i te ipu, whakamātauria te taupoki, ka whakatakoto kia papatahi ki te 40 ℃ mō ngā hāora 24, kia kore ai e turuturu;
Wā tuku: Pipiri-05-2024