Kupu Whakataki: I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānui haere ngā mara tono o ngā takai ngongo. Ko ngā taonga ahumahi e whiriwhiri ana i ngā ngongo, pērā i te hinu whakahinuhinu, te kāpia karāhe, te kāpia whakapiri, me ētahi atu; ko ngā kai e whiriwhiri ana i ngā ngongo, pērā i te māti, te ranu tiri, me ētahi atu; ko ngā hinu rongoā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā ngongo, ā, kei te whakapai tonuhia te takai ngongo o te paraihe niho. He maha ake ngā hua i roto i ngā mara rerekē e takaihia ana ki roto i ngā "ngongo". I roto i te umanga whakapaipai, he ngāwari te pēhi me te whakamahi i ngā ngongo, he māmā me te kawe, he whakaritenga ritenga, ā, he mea whakarite mō te tā. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakapaipai, i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā, he tino pai ki ngā hua pērā i ngā hua horoi te whakamahi i ngā whakapaipai.takai ngongo.
whakamāramatanga hua
He momo ipu tākai te ngongo wai, he mea hanga ki te kirihou PE, te pepa konumohe, te kiriata kirihou me ētahi atu rauemi. Ka hangaia hei rau mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga whakakotahi me te whakakotahi, kātahi ka tukatukahia hei āhua ngongo mā te mīhini hanga paipa motuhake. He mama te ngongo wai, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi. He pai ki te tini o ngā kaihanga whakapaipai nā ōna āhuatanga pēnei i te ngāwari ki te kawe, te pakari, te taea te hangarua, te ngāwari ki te pēhi, te mahi tukatuka me te ngāwari ki te urutau ki te tā.
Te tukanga hanga
1. Te tukanga whakapūtanga
A, Ngongo hiato konumohe-kirihou
Ko te ngongo konumohe-kirihou he ipu tākai i hangaia ki te pepa konumohe me te kiriata kirihou mā te tukanga whakakotahitanga-whakaputa, kātahi ka tukatukahia kia rite ki te ngongo mā te mīhini hanga paipa motuhake. Ko tōna hanganga noa ko PE/PE+EAA/AL/PE +EAA/PE. Ko ngā ngongo konumohe-kirihou e whakamahia ana mō ngā mea whakapaipai e hiahia ana ki te akuaku me ngā āhuatanga ārai. Ko te paparanga ārai he pepa konumohe te nuinga, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga ārai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te kōhao o te pepa konumohe. Nā te whakapai tonu o te hangarau, kua whakaitihia te matotoru o te paparanga ārai pepa konumohe i roto i ngā ngongo konumohe-kirihou mai i te 40 μm tuku iho ki te 12 μm, ki te 9 μm rānei, e tino penapena ana i ngā rauemi.
B. Ngongo hiato kirihou katoa
E rua ngā momo o ngā wāhanga kirihou katoa: ngā ngongo hiato kirihou-katoa, kāore he ārai, me ngā ngongo hiato ārai kirihou-katoa. Ko ngā ngongo hiato kirihou-katoa, kāore he ārai, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te takai i ngā mea whakapaipai iti te utu, e tere ana te pau; ko ngā ngongo hiato ārai kirihou-katoa, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā takai whakapaipai waenga ki te iti te utu nā te mea he hononga taha i roto i te hanga paipa. Ko te paparanga ārai ka taea te whakamahi i te EVOH, PVDC, te paninga waikura rānei. He rauemi hiato maha-paparanga pērā i te PET. Ko te hanganga noa o te ngongo hiato ārai kirihou-katoa ko te PE/PE/EVOH/PE/PE.
C. Ngongo kirihou kua whakapūtāhia tahitia
Ko te hangarau whakaputa-tahi e whakamahia ana hei whakaputa-tahi i ngā rauemi mata o ngā āhuatanga me ngā momo rerekē, ā, ka hangaia i te wā kotahi. Ka wehea ngā ngongo whakaputa-tahi kirihou ki ngā ngongo whakaputa-tahi paparanga kotahi me ngā ngongo whakaputa-tahi paparanga maha. Ko te tuatahi e whakamahia ana mō ngā mea whakapaipai tere pau (pērā i te kirīmi ringa, me ētahi atu) he nui ngā whakaritenga āhua engari he iti ngā whakaritenga mahi tuturu. Ko te takai, ko te tuarua e whakamahia ana mō te takai i ngā mea whakapaipai utu nui.
2. Te maimoatanga mata
Ka taea te hanga i te ngongo hei ngongo tae, hei ngongo mārama, hei ngongo hukapapa tae, hei ngongo peara rānei (peara, hiriwa marara, koura marara), ā, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā tae UV, ki ngā tae ma, ki ngā tae kanapa rānei. He ātaahua te āhua o te tae ma, engari he ngāwari ki te paru, ā, he tae. Ka taea te whakatau i te rerekētanga i waenga i te ngongo me te tānga whānui i runga i te tinana o te ngongo mai i te tapahi i te hiku. Ko te ngongo he tapahi mā he ngongo tā whānui. Me teitei te waituhi e whakamahia ana, ki te kore ka ngawari te taka atu, ka pakaru, ka kitea ngā tohu mā i muri i te whakapiko.
3. Tānga whakairoiro
Ko ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i runga i te mata o ngā ngongo ko te tānga mata hiraka (te whakamahi i ngā tae ira, ngā poraka tae iti me te torutoru, rite tonu kipounamu kirihoute tā, me rēhita tae, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hua raina ngaio), me te tānga whakawhiti (he rite ki te tā pepa, he nui ngā poraka tae me te maha o ngā tae). , e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hua raina matū o ia rā), tae atu ki te tā wera me te tā wera hiriwa. Ko te tā whakawhiti (OFFSET) te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka ngongo. Ko te nuinga o ngā waituhi e whakamahia ana he mea whakamaroke ki te UV. Ko te tikanga me kaha te piri o te waituhi me te ātete ki te whakakorenga tae. Me noho te tae tā ki roto i te awhe atarangi kua tohua, me tika te tūranga tānga, me noho te rerekētanga ki roto i te 0.2mm, ā, me oti, me mārama hoki te momotuhi.
Ko te wāhanga matua o te ngongo kirihou ko te pakihiwi, te ngongo (tinana ngongo) me te hiku ngongo. He maha ngā wā ka whakapaipaihia te wāhanga ngongo mā te tā tika, mā te tapanga piri-ake rānei hei kawe i ngā kōrero tuhinga, tauira rānei, hei whakarei ake i te uara o te takai hua. Ko te whakapaipai o ngā ngongo i tēnei wā ka tutukihia mā te tā tika me ngā tapanga piri-ake. Kei roto i te tā tika te tā mata me te tā whakawhiti. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tā tika, ko ngā painga o ngā tapanga piri-ake ko: Te kanorau me te pumau o te tā: Ko te tukanga o te hanga i ngā ngongo tuku iho i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tā, ko te tikanga he tā whakawhiti me te tā mata, ko te tā piri-ake ka taea te whakamahi i te perehi reta, te tā flexographic, te tā whakawhiti, te tā mata, te tā wera me ētahi atu tukanga tā whakakotahi kanorau, he pumau ake, he pai ake te mahi tae uaua.
1. Tinana paipa
A. Whakarōpūtanga
E ai ki ngā rauemi: ngongo hiato konumohe-kirihou, ngongo kirihou-katoa, ngongo pepa-kirihou, paipa whakakikoruatia ki te konumohe kanapa, me ētahi atu.
E ai ki te matotoru: paipa paparanga kotahi, paipa paparanga rua, paipa hiato paparanga rima, me ētahi atu
E ai ki te āhua o te ngongo: ngongo porowhita, ngongo porotītaha, ngongo papatahi, me ētahi atu
E ai ki te whakamahinga: ngongo horoi kanohi, ngongo pouaka BB, ngongo kirīmi ringa, ngongo tango ringa, ngongo ārai rā, ngongo paraihe niho, ngongo whakangawari makawe, ngongo tae makawe, ngongo kopare kanohi, me ētahi atu.
Te whānui o te paipa tuku iho: Φ13, Φ16, Φ19, Φ22, Φ25, Φ28, Φ30, Φ33, Φ35, Φ38, Φ40, Φ45, Φ50, Φ55, Φ60
Te kaha auau:
3G, 5G, 8G, 10G, 15G, 20G, 25G, 30G, 35G, 40G, 45G, 50G, 60G, 80G, 100G, 110G, 120G, 130G, 150G, 180G, 200G, 250G, 250G
B. Te rahi me te rahinga o te ngongo
I te wā e hangaia ana ngā ngongo, ka maha ngā wā ka "whakamahanahia" rātou, pērā i te kukume paipa, te honohono, te whakakanapa, te tānga ā-whakawhiti me te whakamaroke tānga mata. I muri i ēnei tukanga, ka whakatikatikaina te rahi o te hua ki tētahi taumata. Kāore e ōrite te whakahekenga me te "tere whakahekenga", nō reira he mea noa kia noho te whānui o te paipa me te roa o te paipa i roto i tētahi awhe.
C. Take: Hoahoa kauwhata o te hanganga ngongo hiato kirihou paparua-rima
2. Hiku ngongo
Me whakakī ētahi hua i mua i te hiri. Ka taea te wehewehe i te hiri ki: te hiri tika, te hiri whatu, te hiri āhua-mārara, me te hiri āhua-motuhake. I te wā e hiri ana, ka taea e koe te tono kia tāia ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana ki te wāhi hiri. Waehere rā.
3. Ngā taputapu tautoko
A. Ngā mōkihi noa
He rerekē ngā āhua o ngā taupoki ngongo, ka wehea whānuitia ki ngā taupoki tīwiri (paparanga kotahi me te paparanga rua, ko ngā taupoki o waho paparanga rua he taupoki whakakikoruatia te nuinga hei whakanui ake i te kounga o te hua me te ātaahua ake, ā, ko ngā raina ngaio he nuinga hei whakamahi i ngā taupoki tīwiri), taupoki papatahi, taupoki pane porowhita, taupoki pūwero, taupoki hurihuri, taupoki papatahi rawa, taupoki paparanga rua, taupoki porowhita, taupoki rīpene ngutu, ka taea hoki te tukatuka i te taupoki kirihou i roto i ngā momo tukanga, te taha tā wera, te taha hiriwa, te taupoki tae, te mārama, te rehu hinu, te whakakikoruatia, me ētahi atu, ko ngā taupoki pito me ngā taupoki rīpene ngutu he mea whakauru ki ngā mono o roto. He hua werohanga te taupoki ngongo, ā, he ngongo kumea te ngongo. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga ngongo kāore e hanga i ngā taupoki ngongo mā rātou anō.
B. Ngā taputapu tautoko maha-mahi
I te whānuitanga o ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi, kua noho ko te whakaurunga whai hua o ngā ihirangi me ngā hanganga mahi, pērā i ngā pane mirimiri, ngā pōro, ngā roera, me ētahi atu, hei tono hou i te mākete.
Ngā tono whakapaipai
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te ngongo wai he māmā, he ngāwari ki te kawe, he kaha, he roa hoki, he taea te hangarua, he ngāwari ki te pēhi, he pai te mahi tukatuka me te ngāwari ki te tā. He mea pai ki te tini o ngā kaihanga whakapaipai, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua horoi (horoi kanohi, me ētahi atu) me ngā hua tiaki kiri. I roto i ngā takai o ngā whakapaipai (ngā momo kirīmi kanohi, ngā whakamakuku, ngā kirīmi kai, ngā kirīmi, ngā paninga rā, me ētahi atu) me ngā hua ataahua me te tiaki makawe (shampoo, conditioner, lipstick, me ētahi atu).
Ngā kaupapa matua mō te hoko
1. Arotake i ngā tuhi hoahoa ngongo
Mō te hunga kāore i te mōhio ki ngā ngongo, he raruraru nui te hoahoa i ngā mahi toi māu ake, ā, ki te hē koe, ka pakaru katoa. Ka hoahoa ngā kaiwhakarato kounga teitei i ngā tuhi māmā noa iho mō te hunga kāore i te mōhio ki ngā ngongo. Kia whakatauhia te whānui o te paipa me te roa o te paipa, ka whakaratohia e rātou he hoahoa rohe hoahoa. Me whakanoho noa e koe te ihirangi hoahoa ki te rohe hoahoa ka pokapū. Koinā te mutunga. Ka tirotirohia hoki e ngā kaiwhakarato kounga teitei, ka tohutohu hoki mō ō tukanga hoahoa me te whakaputa. Hei tauira, ki te hē te tūnga o te kanohi hiko, ka kī atu rātou ki a koe; ki te kore e tika te tae, ka whakamaharatia koe e rātou; ki te kore ngā whakaritenga e tutuki i te hoahoa, ka whakamaharatia koe kia whakarerekētia te mahi toi; ā, ki te tika te ahunga me te ngāwari o te pānui o te waehere pae, ka tirohia e ngā kaiwhakarato kounga teitei tētahi i muri i tētahi mēnā he hapa iti pēnei i te mea ka taea e te tukanga te whakaputa ngongo, ahakoa kāore te tuhi i piko.
2. Te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi paipa:
Me tutuki ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i ngā paerewa hauora e tika ana, ā, me whakahaere ngā matū kino pēnei i ngā konganuku taumaha me ngā matū kanapa i roto i ngā rohe kua tohua. Hei tauira, ko te polyethylene (PE) me te polypropylene (PP) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ngongo e kaweake ana ki te Hononga o Amerika me tutuki i te paerewa 21CFR117.1520 a te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
3. Kia mārama ki ngā tikanga whakakī
E rua ngā tikanga mō te whakakī i te ngongo: te whakakī hiku me te whakakī waha. Mena he whakakī paipa, me aro koe i te wā e hoko ana i te ngongo. Me whakaaro koe mēnā he ōrite te "rahi o te waha o te paipa me te rahi o te pūwero whakakī" me te mea ka taea te toro atu ki roto i te paipa. Mena kei te pito o te ngongo te whakakī, me whakarite e koe te ngongo, me te whakaaro anō hoki ki te ahunga o te pane me te hiku o te hua, kia watea ai, kia tere ai hoki te whakauru ki roto i te ngongo i te wā e whakakī ana. Tuarua, me mōhio koe mēnā he "whakakī wera" ngā mea kei roto i te wā e whakakī ana, he pāmahana rūma rānei. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā e pā ana te tukanga o tēnei hua ki te hoahoa. Mā te mārama ki te āhua o te whakaputa whakakī i mua noa atu ka taea e tātou te karo i ngā raruraru me te whakatutuki i te whakaputanga me te whai huatanga teitei.
4. Kōwhiringa ngongo
Mena ko ngā mea kei roto i te kete o tētahi kamupene matū o ia rā he hua e tino pāngia ana e te hāora (pēnei i ētahi mea whakapaipai mā) he kakara tino pūngāwerewere rānei (pēnei i ngā hinu kakara, ētahi hinu rānei, waikawa, tote me ētahi atu matū waikura), me whakamahi te paipa e rima-paparanga-tahi-whakaputa. Nā te mea ko te tere tuku hāora o te paipa e rima-paparanga-tahi-whakaputa (polyethylene/reini hono/EVOH/reini hono/polyethylene) he 0.2-1.2 waeine, ko te tere tuku hāora o te paipa polyethylene paparanga-kotahi noa he 150-300 waeine. I roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea, ko te tere whakaheke taumaha o ngā ngongo e rua-paparanga-tahi kei roto te etanoru he tekau mā rua ngā wā iti iho i ērā o ngā ngongo paparanga-kotahi. Hei tāpiri, ko te EVOH he copolymer waipiro ethylene-vinyl me ngā āhuatanga ārai me te pupuri kakara pai rawa atu (he tino pai te matotoru ina 15-20 microns).
5. Whakaahuatanga utu
He rerekētanga nui te utu i waenga i te kounga o ngā ngongo me te kaihanga. Ko te utu hanga pereti he 200 yuan ki te 300 yuan te nuinga. Ka taea te tā i te tinana ngongo mā te tā tae maha me te mata hiraka. He taputapu me te hangarau tā whakawhiti wera ā ētahi kaihanga. Ka tatauhia te tā wera me te tā hiriwa i runga i te utu kotahi mō ia rohe. He pai ake te pānga o te tā mata hiraka engari he nui ake te utu, ā, he iti ake ngā kaihanga. Me whiriwhiri ngā kaihanga rerekē kia rite ki ngā taumata hiahia rerekē.
6. Huringa whakaputa ngongo
Ko te tikanga, ko te wā huringa he 15 ki te 20 ngā rā (mai i te wā i whakaūngia ai te ngongo tauira). Ko te rahinga ota mō tētahi hua kotahi he 5,000 ki te 10,000. Ko ngā kaihanga nui e whakatakoto ana i te rahinga ota iti rawa o te 10,000. He iti noa iho ngā kaihanga iti he maha ngā momo. E whakaaetia ana hoki te rahinga ota iti rawa o te 3,000 mō ia hua. He iti noa iho ngā kiritaki e whakatuwhera ana i ngā pokepokea e rātou anō. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he pokepokea tūmatanui (ko ētahi taupoki motuhake he pokepokea tūmataiti). Ko te rahinga ota kirimana me te rahinga tuku tuturu he ±10 i roto i tēnei ahumahi. % rerekētanga.
Whakaaturanga hua
Wā tuku: 30 Paenga-whāwhā 2024