He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o PET a me PETG?

PET, he polycondensate, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻōpala meaʻai a me nā olonā lole, a me nā noi ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ia i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili, ʻaʻole wale i loko o nā ʻōmole soda, akā i loko o nā kini amorphous PET (APET), nā kini crystalline PET (CPET) a me nā pā. I nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā PET a me nā copolyesters ʻenekinia, ma ke ʻano he huahana polymer hou, i nā mea ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻopili kūikawā.
ʻO ka holomua o PET i ka ʻōpala soda ma muli o kona paʻakikī a me ka moakāka, nā hiki ke kuhikuhi, ka waiwai waiwai maikaʻi loa, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana ʻōmole wikiwiki. He māmā nā kini inu PET, hiki ke wāwahi, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, a he ea maikaʻi ko lākou. ʻO ka ʻōmole inu PET 2-lita i hoʻopiha ʻia he 24% ka māmā ma mua o ka ʻōmole aniani like; ʻo ka ʻōmole hakahaka he 1/10 o kahi ʻōmole aniani o ka nui like. Mālama kēia i ka hana, ka ikehu, a me nā kumukūʻai ma nā loulou āpau mai ka mea hana a i ka mea kūʻai aku.
Kemika a me nā Waiwai

Hana ʻia ka PET no nā ʻōmole inu mai ka terephthalic acid (TPA) i loaʻa ma o ka oxidation o ka p-xylene. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka terephthalic acid a i ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia me ka methanol e hana i ka dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), a i ʻole i hoʻopili hou ʻia e hana i ka terephthalic acid maʻemaʻe (PTA). ʻO kekahi mea maka kumu no ka PET ʻo ia ka ethane, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia i ethylene glycol (EG) ma o ka hopena. ʻO PET kahi polymer condensation i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka polymerization hoʻomau o DMT (a i ʻole PTA) a me EG i ke kūlana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a laila kahi hana polymerization solid-state e loaʻa ai nā kristal nui a me ke kaumaha molekala hope loa a me ka viscosity intrinsic. Hoʻolilo ke kaʻina hana solid-state i ka nui o ka ethanol o ka polymer i haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka resin PET kalepa ma kahi o 480F (), akā ʻo ke kiko hoʻoheheʻe o ka PET crystalline kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 520F ().

He ikaika maikaʻi loa ka PET crystallized oriented. Paʻakikī a me ka transparency, a kūpaʻa i nā waikawa nāwaliwali, nā kumu a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe he nui.

Nā māka kūikawā

Hiki i ka PET grade blow molding ke hāʻawi i ke kala paʻa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele māmā PET. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka polymer kala i loko o ka reactor me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā waiwai kino, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano like o ke kala. Loaʻa nā resins maʻemaʻe o nā viscosities intrinsic like ʻole. Hoʻopili mālie nā copolymers PET, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i nā ʻōmole soda kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Loaʻa pū kekahi polymer extrusion blow moldable. Hoʻohui kēia mea i nā pono o ka ikaika hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi a me ka crystallization lohi, a hiki ke hana maʻalahi ʻia ma nā lako hana extrusion blow molding kūpono. Ke hoʻolauna mau ʻia nei a hoʻololi ʻia paha nā polymers kūikawā i hoʻoikaika ʻia, flame retardant a me nā mea hou e hoʻokō i nā noi hou.

PETGʻO ke copolyester kekahi laʻana o ka nui o nā copolyesters. ʻAʻole e like me ka PCTA, i hoʻololi ʻia me ka waikawa, ʻo PETG kahi polymer i hoʻololi ʻia e diol i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana iā CHDM diol me TPA (terephthalic acid) a me ethylene glycol. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻopuka ʻia paha nā copolymers PETG a noho mau amorphous, moakāka a aneane ʻole ke kala, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāpana kea nui.

He kiʻekiʻe kona ʻoʻoleʻa, paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, ʻoiai ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka transparency, toughness a me ka ikaika heheʻe e lilo ia i mea pono no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection, blow molding a me ka extrusion o nā profiles, nā paipu, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā pepa. Loaʻa ka PETG ma ke ʻano i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia a i ʻole me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, me nā mea hoʻokuʻu, nā masterbatches, a me nā mea hoʻololi hopena no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection.

Pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ʻo PETG ma 120-160F no kahi o 4-6 mau hola ma mua o ke kālai ʻia ʻana a i ʻole ka extrusion. Ma nā kaʻina hana ʻelua, ʻo ka mahana heheʻe mai 420F a i 510F. Pono e pōkole ka manawa paʻa o nā lako hana ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i ka hōʻino nui ʻana. Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection ma kahi mīkini hoʻoheheʻe injection, e koi ana i kēlā me kēia pana he 50% a 80% o kona hiki.

Hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia a puhi ʻia ʻo PETG ma nā mahana hoʻoheheʻe ma waena o 400-450F e hana i nā ʻōmole moakaka no ka shampoo, nā mea holoi wai, nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā aila mineral, a me nā ʻōpala meaʻai. Hoʻokō kēia mea i nā kūlana FDA no ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka meaʻai.

Hiki i ka extrusion ke hana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, a me nā paipu hoʻopili, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me nā pepa, me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻo PETG a me PCTA me ka ethylene oxide a me nā kukuna Y.

I ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka injection, hana pinepine ʻia ʻo PETG ma kahi pae mahana heheʻe o 450-510F, me kahi mahana hoʻoheheʻe ma kahi o 70-130F. ʻO nā noi o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā uhi mea kani, nā pale mīkini, nā ipu hoʻonani, nā kuhikuhi hāmeʻa lever, nā ʻāpana hōʻike a me nā mea pāʻani.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo PET i nā ʻōmole soda a me nā mea inu palupalu. Loaʻa iā PET kahi kokoke i 100% o ka mākeke ipu hana hou ʻole ʻia o 2-lita, a ua ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻōmole PET 1.5-lita, 1-lita, 0.5-lita a me nā ʻōmole PET liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PET i ka meaʻai, ka waiʻona, a me nā mea holoi lole. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka noi no PET no nā mea inu ʻole carbonated a me nā ʻōpala huahana ʻoihana. ʻO nā meaʻai i hoʻopili ʻia me ka mustard, nā huahana laholio, ka pata pīnati, nā mea ʻono, nā ʻaila kuke, nā cocktails a me nā wai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia. ʻO nā kala hou, ʻoiai nā kala Weber, he mea kaulana i ka ʻōpala o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huaora a me nā mea holoi lole.

ʻO kekahi o nā noi hou loa a wikiwiki loa no nā pahu PET, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala meaʻai a mea inu paha, kahi e pono ai ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā meaʻai he nui, ʻoiai nā huaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea inu me ka nui o nā hua, ma 180F a ʻoi aku paha. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pasteurization (sterilization) o ka huahana a me ka pahu i ka manawa o ka hoʻopiha ʻana. ʻO nā pahu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia maʻamau, e like me nā ʻeke no ka soda a me nā mea inu palupalu, e emi a hoʻololi i ke ʻano ke kau ʻia i nā mahana ma luna o 160F, ma muli o kahi hoʻomaha koʻikoʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahu. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ka ʻenehana "hoʻonohonoho wela". Ma muli o ka ʻenehana hana kikoʻī, aia kekahi mau kikoʻī ʻenehana hana, he ponoʻī loa ia, ma muli o nā pahu kūpono no ka hoʻopiha ʻana ma 190-195F hiki ke hana ʻia. ʻO nā huahana e pono ai ka ʻōpala me kēia ʻano e komo pū me nā wai hua maʻemaʻe. Nā mea inu wai kiʻekiʻe, nā kī, kekahi mau mea inu isotonic a me nā mea inu haʻuki, nā mea ʻono, nā wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me kekahi mau wai mineral.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hoʻohana hope ʻē aʻe o PET i ka uhi extrusion a me ka extrusion film and sheet. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PET ma ke ʻano he mea uhi extrusion no ka hoʻopili pepa umu. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka crystalline PET (CPET) ma ke ʻano he mea kumu e hana ai i nā pā umu.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni PET ma ke ʻano he X-ray a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi ʻē aʻe, ka ʻōpala ʻiʻo a me ka tīhi, nā lipine magnetic, ka insulation uila, nā papa paʻi a me nā ʻeke ʻōpala ʻōmole. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PET ma ke ʻano he mea lipine ʻoihana. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka pepa PET non-crystalline, unoriented no ka hana ʻana i nā ipu, nā pā, nā huahana huʻa a me nā kīʻaha inu.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo: ʻO PETG kahi mana i hoʻonui ʻia o PET, me ka ʻoi aku ka maopopo, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi aʻe, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.