Intshayelelo: Inkqubo yokuvelisaiimveliso zeplastikiikakhulu ibandakanya iinkqubo ezine eziphambili: ukwakheka kwesikhunta, unyango lomphezulu, ukuprinta, kunye nokudibanisa. Unyango lomphezulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo engabalulekanga. Ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okubopha kwengubo kwaye kubonelelwe ngesiseko esihle sokuhambisa umoya kwiplating, inkqubo yangaphambi konyango ayibalulekanga.
Unyango lwangaphambi komphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki
Ngokuyintloko kubandakanya unyango lokugquma kunye nonyango lokugquma. Ngokubanzi, iiplastiki zinezinga elikhulu lekristalinity, i-polarity encinci okanye i-polarity engekhoyo, kunye namandla aphantsi omphezulu, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ukunamathela kwengubo. Ekubeni iplastiki iyinto engagqumiyo, ayinakugquma ngqo kumphezulu weplastiki ngokweenkcazo zenkqubo ye-electroplating. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi konyango lomphezulu, kufuneka kwenziwe unyango lwangaphambi kwexesha ukuphucula amandla okugquma kwengubo kunye nokubonelela ngomaleko osezantsi oqhubayo onamandla amahle okugquma kwingubo.
Unyango lwangaphambi kokufakwa kwengubo
Unyango lwangaphambi konyango luquka ukususa amafutha kumphezulu weplastiki, oko kukuthi ukucoca ioyile kunye ne-arhente yokukhulula umphezulu, kunye nokuvuselela umphezulu weplastiki, ukuze kuphuculwe ukunamathela kwengubo.
1, Ukususa amafutha
Ukususa amafuthaiimveliso zeplastiki. Ngokufana nokususa igrisi kwiimveliso zesinyithi, ukususa igrisi kwiimveliso zeplastiki kunokwenziwa ngokucoca ngezinyibilikisi zendalo okanye ukususa igrisi ngeesisombululo zamanzi ze-alkaline ezinee-surfactants. Ukususa igrisi ngee-organic solvents kufanelekile ukucoca iparafini, i-beewax, amafutha kunye nolunye uthuli oluvela kumphezulu weplastiki. Isinyibilikisi sendalo esisetyenzisiweyo asifanele sinyibilike, sidumbe okanye siqhekeke iplastiki, kwaye sinendawo yokubila ephantsi, siyatshintshatshintsha, asinatyhefu kwaye asitshi. Izisombululo zamanzi ze-alkaline zifanelekile ukususa igrisi kwiiplastiki ezimelana ne-alkali. Isisombululo siqulathe i-caustic soda, iityuwa ze-alkaline kunye nee-surfactants ezahlukeneyo. I-surfactant esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-OP series, oko kukuthi i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, engenzi foam kwaye ayihlali kumphezulu weplastiki.
2, ukusebenza komphezulu
Olu vuselelo luphucula iipropati zomphezulu weplastiki, oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa amaqela athile e-polar kumphezulu weplastiki okanye ukuyirhangqa ukuze i-coating ikwazi ukumanziswa nokufunxwa lula kumphezulu we-workpiece. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango lovuselelo lomphezulu, ezinje nge-chemical oxidation, i-flame oxidation, i-solvent vapor etching kunye ne-corona discharge oxidation. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-chemical crystal oxidation treatment, edla ngokusebenzisa ulwelo lonyango lwe-chromic acid, kwaye ifomyula yayo eqhelekileyo yi-4.5% ye-potassium dichromate, i-8.0% yamanzi, kunye ne-87.5% ye-sulfuric acid exineneyo (ngaphezulu kwe-96%).
Ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki, ezifana ne-polystyrene kunye ne-ABS plastics, zinokugqunywa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle konyango lwe-chemical oxidation. Ukuze kufunyanwe i-coating esemgangathweni ophezulu, kusetyenziswa nonyango lwe-chemical oxidation. Umzekelo, emva kokususa i-greasing, iplastiki ye-ABS inokugqunywa ngolwelo lwe-chromic acid oluxutyiweyo. Ifomyula yayo eqhelekileyo yonyango yi-420g/L chromic acid kunye ne-200ml/L sulfuric acid (ubunzima obuthile yi-1.83). Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yonyango yi-65℃70℃/5min10min, ukuhlamba ngamanzi, kunye nokomisa. Inzuzo yokugqunywa ngolwelo lwe-chromic acid yonyango kukuba nokuba inzima kangakanani na imo yemveliso yeplastiki, inokuphathwa ngokulinganayo. Ingxaki kukuba ukusebenza kuyingozi kwaye kukho iingxaki zongcoliseko.
Unyango lwangaphambi kokufakwa kwengubo
Injongo yokulungisa i-coating coating kukuphucula ukunamathela kwe-coating kumphezulu weplastiki nokwenza umaleko ongaphantsi wesinyithi oqhubayo kumphezulu weplastiki. Inkqubo yokulungisa i-pre-treatment ibandakanya ikakhulu: ukurhawuzelela ngoomatshini, ukususa amafutha kwiikhemikhali, ukurhawuzelela ngeekhemikhali, unyango lokwazisa, unyango lokuvuselela, unyango lokunciphisa kunye nokufaka iikhemikhali. Izinto ezintathu zokuqala kukuphucula ukunamathela kwe-coating, kwaye izinto ezine zokugqibela kukwenza umaleko ongaphantsi wesinyithi oqhubayo.
1, Ukurhawuzelela oomatshini kunye nokurhawuzelela kweekhemikhali
Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali kukwenza umphezulu weplastiki ube rhabaxa ngeendlela zoomatshini kunye neendlela zeekhemikhali ngokwahlukeneyo ukwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwengubo kunye nesiseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba amandla okubopha anokufezekiswa ngokulungiswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini angama-10% kuphela alawo enziwe ngezixhobo zoomatshini zokugaya.
2, Ukususa amafutha ngokwekhemikhali
Indlela yokususa amafutha ngaphambi kokucoca umphezulu weplastiki iyafana nendlela yokususa amafutha ngaphambi kokucoca umphezulu.
3, Ukwazisa
Ukuziva ukhululekile kukufunxa ezinye izinto ezikwaziyo ukufunxa, ezifana ne-tin dichloride, i-titanium trichloride, njl.njl., kumphezulu weplastiki onokukwazi ukufunxa. Ezi zinto zikwaziyo ukufunxa lula ziyafunxa ngexesha lonyango lokuvuselela, kwaye i-activator incitshiswa ibe yi-catalytic crystal nuclei kwaye ihlala kumphezulu wemveliso. Indima yokuziva ukhululekile kukubeka isiseko somaleko wesinyithi oza kusetyenziswa emva koko we-chemical plating metal.
4, Ukuvula
Ukusebenza kukuphatha umphezulu oshukunyisiweyo ngoncedo lwesisombululo seekhompawundi zesinyithi ezisebenzayo. Ingongoma yaso kukuntywilisela imveliso efunxwe yi-reducing agent kwisisombululo samanzi esine-oxidant yetyuwa yesinyithi exabisekileyo, ukuze ii-ion zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo zincitshiswe yi-S2+n njenge-oxidant, kwaye isinyithi esixabisekileyo esincitshisiweyo sibekwe kumphezulu wemveliso ngendlela yee-colloidal particles, enomsebenzi onamandla we-catalytic. Xa lo mphezulu untywiliselwa kwisisombululo se-chemical plating, ezi particles ziba ziindawo ze-catalytic, ezikhawulezisa izinga lokuphendula kwe-chemical plating.
5, unyango lokunciphisa
Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kweekhemikhali, iimveliso ezivuselelweyo zaza zahlanjwa ngamanzi acocekileyo zifakwa kwingxinano ethile yesisombululo se-reducing agent esisetyenziswa kwi-chemical plating ukunciphisa nokususa i-activator engahlanjwanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-reducing treatment. Xa i-chemical copper ifakelwe, isisombululo se-formaldehyde sisetyenziselwa unyango lokunciphisa, kwaye xa i-chemical nickel ifakelwe, isisombululo se-sodium hypophosphite sisetyenziselwa unyango lokunciphisa.
6, Ukugquma ngeekhemikhali
Injongo yokufakelwa kweekhemikhali kukwenza ifilimu yesinyithi eqhubayo phezu kweemveliso zeplastiki ukudala iimeko zokufakelwa kweentsimbi kumaleko wesinyithi weemveliso zeplastiki. Ke ngoko, ukufakwa kweekhemikhali linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufakweni kweeplastiki nge-electroplating.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-13-2024