Okwu Mmalite: Usoro mmepụta nkengwaahịa plastikisi ihe anọ dị mkpa gụnyere: ịkpụ ebu, ọgwụgwọ elu, ibipụta ya, na njikọta ya. Ọgwụgwọ elu bụ akụkụ dị mkpa dị mkpa. Iji melite ike njikọ nke mkpuchi ahụ ma nye ezigbo ntọala na-eduzi ya maka mkpuchi ahụ, usoro tupu ọgwụgwọ dị oke mkpa.
Ọgwụgwọ ngwaahịa plastik tupu elu elu
Nke kachasị gụnyere ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi na ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi. N'ozuzu, plastik nwere nnukwu kristal, obere polarity ma ọ bụ enweghị polarity, yana obere ike elu, nke ga-emetụta njikọta nke mkpuchi. Ebe ọ bụ na plastik abụghị ihe na-egbochi ihe na-eduzi, enweghị ike ịse ya ozugbo na elu plastik dịka nkọwapụta usoro electroplating izugbe si dị. Ya mere, tupu ọgwụgwọ elu, a ga-eme ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo iji melite ike njikọ nke mkpuchi ahụ ma nye oyi akwa ala na-eduzi nke nwere ike njikọ dị mma maka mkpuchi ahụ.
Ọgwụgwọ tupu oge mkpuchi
Ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo gụnyere iwepụ mmanụ n'elu plastik, ya bụ, ihicha mmanụ na ihe na-eme ka ọ dị n'elu, na ime ka elu plastik ahụ rụọ ọrụ, iji mee ka njikọta nke mkpuchi ahụ ka mma.
1, Ịbelata mmanu
Ịbelata mmanụ nkengwaahịa plastikDịka ịchacha mmanụ nke ngwaahịa ígwè, ịchacha mmanụ nke ngwaahịa plastik nwere ike ime site na iji ihe mgbaze organic hichaa ma ọ bụ ịchacha mmanụ na mmiri alkaline nwere surfactants. Ịchacha mmanụ na ihe mgbaze organic dị mma maka ihicha paraffin, wax, abụba na unyi organic ndị ọzọ sitere na plastik. Ihe mgbaze organic eji eme ekwesịghị ịgbaze, ịza aza ma ọ bụ gbawaa plastik ahụ, ọ nwekwara obere ebe esi mmiri, ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ naghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na-anaghị ere ọkụ. Ihe mgbaze mmiri alkaline dị mma maka iwepụ mmanụ na plastik ndị na-eguzogide alkali. Ihe ngwọta ya nwere caustic soda, nnu alkaline na ọtụtụ surfactants. Ihe a na-ejikarị eme surfactant bụ usoro OP, ya bụ alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nke na-anaghị emepụta ụfụfụ ma ọ dịghịkwa adị n'elu plastik ahụ.
2, Mmelite elu
Ọrụ a bụ ime ka ihe ndị dị n'elu plastik ka mma, ya bụ, ịmepụta ụfọdụ otu polar n'elu plastik ma ọ bụ ime ka ọ sie ike ka e wee nwee ike ịmịnye mkpuchi ahụ mmiri ma tinye ya n'elu ihe eji arụ ọrụ ahụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ọgwụgwọ mkpali elu, dị ka oxidation kemịkalụ, oxidation ọkụ, solvent vapor etching na corona discharge oxidation. Nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ọgwụgwọ oxidation kristal kemịkalụ, nke na-ejikarị mmiri ọgwụgwọ chromic acid eme ihe, usoro ya bụ 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% mmiri, na 87.5% concentrated sulfuric acid (ihe karịrị 96%).
Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa plastik, dị ka polystyrene na ABS plastik, nwere ike ikpuchi ha ozugbo na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ oxidation kemịkalụ. Iji nweta mkpuchi dị elu, a na-ejikwa ọgwụgwọ oxidation kemịkalụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe e gbusịrị mmanụ, enwere ike iji mmiri ọgwụgwọ chromic acid dị nro tee plastik ABS. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 420g/L chromic acid na 200ml/L sulfuric acid (ike ndọda kpọmkwem 1.83). Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ 65℃70℃/5min 10min, ịsa mmiri, na ịkpọ nkụ. Uru nke ịcha ihe na mmiri ọgwụgwọ chromic acid bụ na n'agbanyeghị otú ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa plastik ahụ si dị mgbagwoju anya, enwere ike ịgwọ ya nke ọma. Ihe na-adịghị mma bụ na ọrụ ahụ dị ize ndụ ma enwere nsogbu mmetọ.
Ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo nke mkpuchi mkpuchi
Ebumnuche nke mkpuchi mkpuchi tupu oge eruo bụ ime ka mkpuchi ahụ dị mma ma melite njikọta nke mkpuchi ahụ na elu plastik ahụ ma mepụta oyi akwa ala ígwè na-eduzi n'elu plastik ahụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo gụnyere: nhazi igwe, iwepụ mmanụ kemịkalụ, nhazi kemịkalụ, ọgwụgwọ mmetụta uche, ọgwụgwọ mkpali, ọgwụgwọ mbelata na mkpuchi kemịkalụ. Ihe atọ mbụ bụ ime ka njikọta nke mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo mma, ihe anọ ikpeazụ bụ ịmepụta oyi akwa ala ígwè na-eduzi.
1, Mbelata nrụgide na nrụpụta kemịkalụ
Ọgwụgwọ ịkpụcha ihe n'ime ígwè na iji kemịkalụ mee ka elu plastik ahụ sie ike site na iji usoro igwe na iji usoro kemịkalụ mee ka mpaghara kọntaktị dị n'etiti mkpuchi ahụ na ihe mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo elu. A na-ekwenyekarị na ike njikọ nke enwere ike nweta site na ịkpụcha ihe n'ime ígwè bụ naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke ịkpụcha ihe n'ime ígwè.
2. Ịbelata mmanụ kemịkalụ
Ụzọ e si ewepụ mmanụ n'ahụ maka mkpuchi elu plastik bụ otu ụzọ e si ewepụ mmanụ n'ahụ maka mkpuchi tupu oge eruo.
3, Mmetụta uche
Mmetụta uche bụ itinye ụfọdụ ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe oxidized, dị ka tin dichloride, titanium trichloride, wdg, n'elu plastik nwere ikike adsorption ụfọdụ. A na-eme ka ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe oxidized dị ka oxidized n'oge ọgwụgwọ mmalite, a na-ebelatakwa ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ka ọ bụrụ nuclei kristal catalytic ma nọgide na-adị n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ. Ọrụ nke sensitization bụ ịtọ ntọala maka oyi akwa ígwè kemịkalụ na-esote.
4, Ịmalite ọrụ
Ọrụ ya bụ iji ihe ngwọta nke ihe mejupụtara ígwè na-arụ ọrụ na-agwọ elu ahụ a na-ahụ anya site n'enyemaka nke ihe ngwọta nke ihe mejupụtara ígwè na-arụ ọrụ na-akpali akpali. Isi ihe dị na ya bụ itinye ihe e tinyere na ihe na-ebelata ihe n'ime mmiri mmiri nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha nke nnu ígwè dị oké ọnụ ahịa, ka ion ígwè dị oké ọnụ ahịa belata site na S2+n dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha, a na-etinyekwa ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa belatara n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ n'ụdị ihe ndị dị na colloidal, nke nwere ọrụ catalytic siri ike. Mgbe a mikpuru elu a na ihe ngwọta kemịkalụ, ihe ndị a na-aghọ ebe catalytic, nke na-eme ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume nke ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ dị ngwa ngwa.
5, Ọgwụgwọ Mbelata
Tupu e tinye ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ, a na-etinye ihe ndị e tinyere n'ọrụ ma saa ya na mmiri dị ọcha n'ime otu ihe ngwọta mbelata nke e ji eme ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ iji belata ma wepụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya ghara ịcha. A na-akpọ nke a ọgwụgwọ mbelata. Mgbe e tinyere ihe mkpuchi kemịkalụ na ọla kọpa, a na-eji ihe ngwọta formaldehyde eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mbelata, mgbe e tinyere ihe mkpuchi nickel kemịkalụ na ya, a na-eji ihe ngwọta sodium hypophosphite eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mbelata.
6, Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
Ebumnuche nke mkpuchi kemịkalụ bụ imepụta ihe nkiri ígwè na-eduzi n'elu ngwaahịa plastik iji mepụta ọnọdụ maka ịkwanye akwa ígwè nke ngwaahịa plastik. Ya mere, mkpuchi kemịkalụ bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na nhazi plastik.
Oge ozi: Jun-13-2024