Intangiriro: Uburyo bwo gukoraibicuruzwa bya pulasitikiMuri rusange harimo inzira enye z'ingenzi: gukora ibumba, gutunganya ubuso, gucapa, no guteranya. Gutunganya ubuso ni ingenzi cyane. Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo gufatanya kw'igitambaro no gutanga ishingiro ryiza ryo kuyobora igipfunyika, inzira yo gutunganya mbere yo kugitunganya ni ingenzi cyane.
Gutunganya mbere y'uko ibintu bya pulasitiki bisukwa ku buso
Ahanini harimo uburyo bwo gutunganya no gusiga irangi. Muri rusange, pulasitiki ifite urwego runini rwa kristali, polarite nto cyangwa nta polarite ifite, hamwe n'ingufu nke zo hejuru, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku gufatana kw'irangi. Kubera ko pulasitiki idakoresha amashanyarazi, ntishobora gushyirwa ku buso bwa pulasitiki hakurikijwe amabwiriza rusange agenga amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gutunganya ubuso, hagomba gukorwa isuzuma rikenewe mbere kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo guhuza irangi no gutanga urwego rwo hasi rukoresha amashanyarazi rufite imbaraga nziza zo guhuza irangi.
Gutegura mbere yo gusiga irangi
Kuvura mbere birimo gukuraho amavuta ku buso bwa pulasitiki, ni ukuvuga gusukura amavuta n'ikintu kiyirekura ku buso, no gukoresha neza buso bwa pulasitiki, kugira ngo harusheho gufatana neza kw'igitambaro.
1, Gukuraho amavuta
Gukuraho amavutaibicuruzwa bya pulasitikiKimwe no gukuraho amavuta ku bikoresho by'icyuma, gukuraho amavuta ku bikoresho bya pulasitiki bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe imiti ihumanya ikirere cyangwa kuyikuraho amavuta hakoreshejwe imiti ihumanya ikirere irimo imiti ihumanya ikirere. Gukuraho amavuta hakoreshejwe imiti ihumanya ikirere birakwiriye mu gusukura parafini, ishaje y'inzuki, ibinure n'indi myanda ihumanya ikirere iva ku buso bwa pulasitiki. Umuti uhumanya ikirere ukoreshwa ntugomba gushonga, kubyimba cyangwa gusenya pulasitiki, kandi ufite aho ubushyuhe buke bushyuha, urahindagurika, ntugira uburozi kandi ntushobora gushya. Imiti ihumanya ikirere ikwiriye gukuraho amavuta ya pulasitiki irwanya alkali. Umuti urimo soda ihumanya ikirere, umunyu wa alkali n'indi miti ihumanya ikirere. Umuti ukunda gukoreshwa cyane ni OP series, ni ukuvuga alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, idakora ifuro kandi ntiguma ku buso bwa pulasitiki.
2. Gukoresha ubuso
Uku gukora ni ukunoza imiterere y’ubuso bwa pulasitiki, ni ukuvuga gukora amatsinda amwe y’ibumba ku buso bwa pulasitiki cyangwa kuyihindura kugira ngo igitambaro gishobore gutoserwa no kwinjizwa ku buso bw’aho bikora. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura gukora ku buso, nko gukora oxidation y’ibinyabutabire, gukora oxidation y’umuriro, gukora solvent vapor etching no gukora oxidation y’ikorona. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni uburyo bwo gukora oxidation y’ibinyabutabire, akenshi bukoresha amazi yo gutunganya aside chromic, kandi formula isanzwe ni 4.5% ya potasiyumu dichromate, 8.0% y’amazi, na 87.5% ya aside sulfuric (irenga 96%).
Bimwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki, nka polisitireni na pulasitiki za ABS, bishobora gusigwa neza nta miti ikoreshwa mu gusiga. Kugira ngo haboneke irangi ryiza, hakoreshwa kandi imiti ikoreshwa mu gusiga. Urugero, nyuma yo gukuraho amavuta, pulasitiki ya ABS ishobora gusigwa hakoreshejwe amazi yo mu bwoko bwa aside chromic. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyisiga ni 420g/L aside chromic na 200ml/L aside sulfuric (uburemere bwihariye 1.83). Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyisiga ni 65℃70℃/5min iminota 10, gukaraba no kuyimisha mu mazi. Akamaro ko gusiga hakoreshejwe amazi yo mu bwoko bwa aside chromic ni uko uko imiterere y'ikintu cya pulasitiki yaba ikomeye kose, ishobora kuvurwa neza. Ingorane ni uko kuyikoresha ari bibi kandi hari ibibazo by'umwanda.
Gutegura mbere yo gusiga irangi
Intego yo gutunganya mbere yo gusiga irangi ni ukunoza uburyo irangi rifatana n'ubuso bwa pulasitiki no gukora urwego rwo hasi rw'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi ku buso bwa pulasitiki. Uburyo bwo gutunganya mbere bukubiyemo ahanini: gukaraba ibyuma, gukuraho amavuta mu binyabutabire, gukaraba ibyuma, kuvura ubukangurambaga, kuvura gukora, kugabanya ubukana no gusiga irangi mu binyabutabire. Ibintu bitatu bya mbere ni ukunoza uburyo irangi rifatana, naho ibintu bine bya nyuma ni ugukora urwego rwo hasi rw'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi.
1. Gutunganya no gukaranga imashini n'imiti
Gutunganya no gutunganya ibikoresho bya shimi bigamije gutuma ubuso bwa pulasitiki burushaho kuba butoshye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini n'uburyo bwa shimi kugira ngo hongerwe ubuso hagati y'igitambaro n'ubutaka. Muri rusange abantu bemera ko imbaraga zo guhuza zishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini ari hafi 10% by'ingufu zo gutunganya ibikoresho bya shimi.
2, Gukuraho amavuta mu buryo bwa chimique
Uburyo bwo gukuraho amavuta mbere yo gutunganya igipfundikizo cya pulasitiki ni bumwe n'uburyo bwo gukuraho amavuta mbere yo gutunganya igipfundikizo.
3, Gukangurira abantu
Gukangura ni ugukurura ibintu bimwe na bimwe byoroshye gukaraba, nka tin dichloride, titanium trichloride, nibindi, ku buso bwa pulasitiki bufite ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura. Ibi bintu byoroshye gukaraba birakaraba mu gihe cyo gukora, maze activator igahinduka nucleus ya crystal catalytic igakomeza ku buso bw'umusaruro. Inshingano yo gukaraba ni ugushyiraho urufatiro rw'urwego rw'icyuma gishyirwamo imiti.
4. Gukora
Gukora ni ukuvura ubuso bw’ibintu byangiritse hakoreshejwe umuti w’ibinyabutabire bikora ku buryo bwa catalytically. Ishingiro ryabyo ni ukwinjiza umusaruro winjijwe mu gisubizo cy’amazi kirimo okisideri y’umunyu w’icyuma cy’agaciro, kugira ngo iyoni z’icyuma cy’agaciro zigabanuke na S2+n nk’umuti wa okisideri, maze icyuma cy’agaciro cyagabanutse gishyirwa ku buso bw’umuti mu buryo bwa colloidal particles, bufite imikorere ikomeye ya catalytic. Iyo ubu buso bwinjijwe mu muti wa chemical plating, utu duce tuba centers catalytic, ibyo bikaba byihutisha reaction ya chemical plating.
5. Kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara
Mbere yo gusigwaho imiti, ibikoresho byakozwe kandi bigasukurwa n'amazi meza byinjizwa mu gipimo runaka cy'umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe ukoreshwa mu gusigwaho imiti kugira ngo ugabanye kandi ukureho umuti utarasukurwa. Ibi byitwa kuvura ubushyuhe. Iyo hashyizweho umuringa w'ikinyabutabire, umuti wa formaldehyde ukoreshwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe, naho iyo hashyizweho nikeli y'ikinyabutabire, umuti wa sodium hypophosphite ukoreshwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe.
6, Gushyiramo imiti ikoreshwa mu gutwikira
Intego yo gushyiramo imiti ni ugukora icyuma gifata amazi ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushyiramo icyuma gifata amazi ku rundi ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki. Kubwibyo, gushyiramo imiti ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gushyiramo icyuma gifata amazi muri pulasitiki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-13-2024