Gabatarwa: Tsarin kera kayayyaki nakayayyakin filastikGalibi ya ƙunshi muhimman hanyoyi guda huɗu: ƙirƙirar mold, gyaran saman, bugawa, da haɗawa. Maganin saman abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Domin inganta ƙarfin haɗin murfin da kuma samar da tushe mai kyau na gudanarwa ga faranti, tsarin kafin a fara aiki yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Gyaran samfuran filastik kafin a yi amfani da su a saman
Ya ƙunshi maganin shafa da kuma maganin shafa fenti. Gabaɗaya, robobi suna da babban matakin lu'ulu'u, ƙaramin polarity ko babu polarity, da ƙarancin kuzarin saman, wanda zai shafi mannewar murfin. Tunda filastik mai hana danshi ne, ba za a iya shafa shi kai tsaye a saman filastik ba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun tsarin electroplating gabaɗaya. Saboda haka, kafin a yi maganin saman, ya kamata a yi aikin riga-kafi don inganta ƙarfin haɗin murfin da kuma samar da kyakkyawan Layer na ƙasa mai danshi tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfin haɗin fenti don fenti.
Kafin a yi maganin shafa
Maganin da aka riga aka yi ya haɗa da rage man shafawa a saman filastik, wato tsaftace mai da sinadarin sakin iska a saman, da kuma kunna saman filastik, domin inganta mannewar murfin.
1, Rage mai
Rage maikayayyakin filastikKamar rage man shafawa na kayayyakin ƙarfe, rage man shafawa na kayayyakin filastik ana iya yi ta hanyar tsaftacewa da sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta ko rage man shafawa da ruwan alkaline mai ɗauke da surfactants. Rage man shafawa da sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta ya dace da tsaftace paraffin, kakin zuma, mai da sauran datti na halitta daga saman filastik. Maganin da ake amfani da shi na halitta bai kamata ya narke, ya kumbura ko ya fashe filastik ɗin ba, kuma yana da ƙarancin tafasa, yana da ƙarfi, ba ya da guba kuma ba ya ƙonewa. Maganin ruwa na alkaline ya dace da rage man shafawa na filastik masu jure wa alkali. Maganin ya ƙunshi soda mai kauri, gishirin alkaline da nau'ikan surfactants daban-daban. Maganin da aka fi amfani da shi shine jerin OP, wato alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, wanda baya samar da kumfa kuma baya kasancewa akan saman filastik.
2, Kunna saman
Wannan kunnawar an yi ta ne don inganta halayen saman robobi, wato, don samar da wasu ƙungiyoyin polar a saman robobi ko kuma don ƙara masa ƙarfi ta yadda za a iya jika murfin cikin sauƙi a kuma shanye shi a saman aikin. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don maganin kunna saman, kamar iskar oxygen ta sinadarai, iskar oxygen ta harshen wuta, etching na vapor mai narkewa da kuma iskar oxygen ta corona. Wanda aka fi amfani da shi shine maganin iskar oxygen ta sinadarai, wanda galibi yana amfani da ruwa na maganin chromic acid, kuma tsarinsa na yau da kullun shine 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% ruwa, da 87.5% sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi (fiye da 96%).
Wasu kayayyakin filastik, kamar polystyrene da ABS, ana iya shafa su kai tsaye ba tare da maganin oxidation na sinadarai ba. Domin samun ingantaccen shafi, ana kuma amfani da maganin oxidation na sinadarai. Misali, bayan an shafa mai, ana iya goge filastik na ABS da ruwan maganin chromic acid mai narkewa. Tsarin maganinsa na yau da kullun shine 420g/L chromic acid da 200ml/L sulfuric acid (nauyi na musamman 1.83). Tsarin maganin da aka saba amfani da shi shine 65℃70℃/5min 10min, wanke ruwa, da busarwa. Amfanin yin etching da ruwan maganin chromic acid shine komai rikitarwar siffar samfurin filastik, ana iya magance shi daidai gwargwado. Rashin kyau shine cewa aikin yana da haɗari kuma akwai matsalolin gurɓatawa.
Kafin a yi maganin shafa shafi
Manufar gyaran murfin kafin a yi amfani da shi ita ce inganta mannewar murfin a saman filastik da kuma samar da wani Layer na ƙasa na ƙarfe mai aiki a saman filastik. Tsarin gyaran kafin a yi amfani da shi ya haɗa da: gyaran injina, rage mai a sinadarai, rage mai a sinadarai, maganin jin daɗi, maganin kunnawa, rage mai da kuma shafa sinadarai. Abubuwa uku na farko su ne don inganta mannewar murfin, kuma abubuwa huɗu na ƙarshe su ne don samar da Layer na ƙasa na ƙarfe mai aiki.
1. Tsarin gwaji na kimiyya da fasaha
Maganin rage girman injina da kuma rage girman sinadarai ana yin su ne don sanya saman filastik ya yi tsauri ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin injiniya da kuma hanyoyin sinadarai bi da bi don ƙara yankin da ke tsakanin murfin da substrate. Gabaɗaya ana kyautata zaton cewa ƙarfin haɗin da za a iya samu ta hanyar rage girman injina kusan kashi 10% ne kawai na rage girman sinadarin.
2. Ingantaccen sinadarin kemikal
Hanyar rage mai kafin a shafa a saman filastik iri ɗaya ce da hanyar rage mai kafin a shafa a kan fata.
3, Jin Daɗi
Jinkiri shine a shafa wasu abubuwa masu sauƙin oxidized, kamar tin dichloride, titanium trichloride, da sauransu, a saman robobi masu ƙarfin sha. Waɗannan abubuwan da ake sha da sauƙi oxidizing ana oxidizing su yayin maganin kunnawa, kuma mai kunna ya rage zuwa catalytic crystal nuclei kuma ya kasance a saman samfurin. Matsayin na jijjigawa shine a kafa harsashin layin ƙarfe na gaba na shafa sinadarai.
4, Kunnawa
Kunnawa shine a yi maganin saman da aka ji rauni ta hanyar amfani da maganin mahaɗan ƙarfe masu aiki da catalytic. Ma'anarsa ita ce a nutsar da samfurin da aka shafa tare da wakilin ragewa a cikin ruwan da ke ɗauke da sinadarin oxidant na gishirin ƙarfe mai daraja, ta yadda ions na ƙarfe masu daraja za su ragu da S2+n a matsayin mai oxidant, kuma an ajiye ƙarfe mai daraja da aka rage a saman samfurin a cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin colloidal, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin aikin catalytic. Lokacin da aka nutsar da wannan saman a cikin maganin shafawa na sinadarai, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna zama cibiyoyin catalytic, wanda ke hanzarta saurin amsawar plating na sinadarai.
5, Ragewar magani
Kafin a shafa sinadarin sinadarai, ana nutsar da kayayyakin da aka kunna aka kuma wanke su da ruwa mai tsafta a cikin wani adadin maganin rage sinadarai da ake amfani da shi a cikin farantin sinadarai don ragewa da kuma cire mai kunna sinadarai da ba a wanke ba. Wannan ana kiransa maganin rage sinadarai. Idan aka shafa sinadarin jan karfe a kan takardar sinadarai, ana amfani da maganin formaldehyde don rage sinadarai, kuma idan aka shafa sinadarin nickel a kan takardar sinadarai, ana amfani da maganin sodium hypophosphite don rage sinadarai.
6, Rufin sinadarai
Manufar yin amfani da sinadarai shine samar da wani fim na ƙarfe mai sarrafa kansa a saman kayayyakin filastik don ƙirƙirar yanayi don yin amfani da lantarki a saman kayayyakin filastik. Saboda haka, yin amfani da sinadarai muhimmin mataki ne a cikin yin amfani da lantarki a filastik.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-13-2024