Isingeniso: Inqubo yokukhiqizaimikhiqizo yepulasitikiikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezine ezibalulekile: ukwakha isikhunta, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukuphrinta, kanye nokuhlanganisa. Ukwelashwa kwendawo kuyingxenye ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha kwengubo futhi kuhlinzekwe isisekelo esihle sokuhambisa umoya, inqubo yangaphambi kokwelashwa ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki
Ngokuyinhloko kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kokumboza kanye nokwelashwa kokumboza. Ngokuvamile, amapulasitiki anezinga elikhulu lekristalinity, i-polarity encane noma i-polarity engenayo, kanye namandla aphansi omhlaba, okuzothinta ukunamathela kokumboza. Njengoba ipulasitiki iyisivikelo esingahambisani nokuhambisa umoya, ayikwazi ukufakwa ngqo ebusweni bepulasitiki ngokwezincazelo zenqubo ejwayelekile yokumboza ngogesi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwelashwa kobuso, kufanele kwenziwe ukwelashwa kwangaphambili okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okumboza kwengubo futhi kuhlinzekwe ungqimba olungezansi oluhambisa umoya olunamandla amahle okumboza.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokumboza
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuhlanganisa ukususa amafutha ebusweni bepulasitiki, okungukuthi ukuhlanza uwoyela kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula ebusweni, kanye nokuvuselela ubuso bepulasitiki, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kwengubo.
1, Ukususa amafutha
Ukususa amafuthaimikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Njengokususa amafutha emikhiqizweni yensimbi, ukususa amafutha emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki kungenziwa ngokuhlanza ngezithako eziphilayo noma ukususa amafutha ngezixazululo zamanzi ze-alkaline eziqukethe ama-surfactant. Ukususa amafutha ngezithako eziphilayo kufanelekile ukuhlanza i-paraffin, i-beewax, amafutha kanye nokunye ukungcola okungokwemvelo okuvela ebusweni bepulasitiki. Isithako eziphilayo esisetshenziswayo akufanele sincibilike, sivuvuke noma siqhekeke ipulasitiki, futhi sinendawo yokubila ephansi, siyashintshashintsha, asinabo ubuthi futhi asishi. Izixazululo zamanzi ze-alkaline zifanele ukususa amafutha epulasitiki amelana ne-alkaline. Isixazululo siqukethe i-caustic soda, usawoti we-alkaline kanye nama-surfactant ahlukahlukene. I-surfactant esetshenziswa kakhulu uchungechunge lwe-OP, okungukuthi i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, engakhi igwebu futhi engahlali ebusweni bepulasitiki.
2, Ukusebenza kobuso
Lokhu kusebenza kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zobuso bepulasitiki, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza amaqembu athile e-polar ebusweni bepulasitiki noma ukuyilungisa ukuze i-coating ikwazi ukumanziswa kalula futhi imuncwe ebusweni be-workpiece. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ukusebenza kobuso, njenge-chemical oxidation, i-flame oxidation, i-solvent vapor etching kanye ne-corona discharge oxidation. Esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-chemical crystal oxidation, okuvame ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokwelapha i-chromic acid, futhi ifomula yayo ejwayelekile yi-4.5% potassium dichromate, amanzi angu-8.0%, kanye ne-87.5% concentrated sulfuric acid (ngaphezu kuka-96%).
Eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, njenge-polystyrene kanye ne-ABS plastics, ingambozwa ngqo ngaphandle kokwelashwa nge-chemical oxidation. Ukuze kutholakale ukugqoka kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kusetshenziswa nokwelashwa nge-chemical oxidation. Isibonelo, ngemva kokususa amafutha, ipulasitiki ye-ABS ingaqoshwa ngoketshezi lokwelapha i-chromic acid oluncibilikisiwe. Ifomula yayo ejwayelekile yokwelapha ingu-420g/L chromic acid kanye no-200ml/L sulfuric acid (ubukhulu obuthile obungu-1.83). Inqubo ejwayelekile yokwelapha ingu-65℃70℃/5min10min, ukuwasha ngamanzi, nokomisa. Inzuzo yokudweba nge-chromic acid yokwelapha uketshezi ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuma komkhiqizo wepulasitiki kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kungaphathwa ngokulinganayo. Ububi ukuthi ukusebenza kuyingozi futhi kunezinkinga zokungcola.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini kokumbozwa kokumbozwa
Inhloso yokwelashwa kwangaphambilini kwengubo yokumboza iwukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwengubo ebusweni bepulasitiki nokwakha ungqimba olungaphansi lwensimbi eqhubayo ebusweni bepulasitiki. Inqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambilini ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: ukugoqa ngomshini, ukususa amafutha ngamakhemikhali, ukugoqa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kokuzwela, ukwelashwa kokuqalisa, ukwelashwa kokunciphisa kanye nokufakwa kwamakhemikhali. Izinto ezintathu zokuqala ziwukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwengubo, kanti izinto ezine zokugcina ziwukwakha ungqimba olungezansi lwensimbi eqhubayo.
1. Ukuhluza ngomshini kanye nokuhluza ngamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa kokuhluza ngomshini kanye nokuhluza ngamakhemikhali kuhlose ukwenza ubuso bepulasitiki bube buqinile ngezindlela zemishini kanye nezindlela zamakhemikhali ngokulandelana ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kokumbozwa kanye ne-substrate. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi amandla okubopha angatholakala ngokuhluza ngomshini angaba ngu-10% kuphela walawo okuhluza ngamakhemikhali.
2, Ukususa amafutha ngamakhemikhali
Indlela yokususa amafutha ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwepulasitiki ebusweni iyafana nendlela yokususa amafutha ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwepulasitiki.
3. Ukuzwela
Ukuzwela ukumunca ezinye izinto ezifakwe i-oxid kalula, njenge-tin dichloride, i-titanium trichloride, njll., ebusweni bepulasitiki obunamandla athile okumunca. Lezi zinto ezifakwe i-oxid kalula ziyafakwa i-oxid ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokusebenza, futhi i-activator yehliswa ibe yi-catalytic crystal nuclei futhi ihlala ebusweni bomkhiqizo. Indima yokuzwela ukubeka isisekelo sesendlalelo sensimbi esilandelayo se-chemical plating.
4. Ukwenza kusebenze
Ukwenza kusebenze ukwelapha ubuso obuzwelayo ngosizo lwesisombululo sezakhi zensimbi ezisebenzayo. Umongo waso ukucwilisa umkhiqizo ofakwe i-reducing agent esixazululweni samanzi esiqukethe i-oxidant kasawoti wensimbi oyigugu, ukuze ama-ion ensimbi ayigugu ancishiswe yi-S2+n njenge-oxidant, bese insimbi eyigugu encishisiwe ibekwa ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngesimo sezinhlayiya ze-colloidal, ezinomsebenzi oqinile we-catalytic. Lapho lobu buso bucwiliswa esixazululweni se-chemical plating, lezi zinhlayiya ziba yizikhungo ze-catalytic, ezisheshisa izinga lokusabela kwe-chemical plating.
5, ukwelashwa kokunciphisa
Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo esebenziswe futhi yagezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ifakwa ekugxilweni okuthile kwesisombululo se-reducing agent esisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kususwe i-activator engagezwanga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokunciphisa. Lapho kufakwa ithusi lamakhemikhali, isixazululo se-formaldehyde sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokunciphisa, kanti lapho kufakwa i-nickel yamakhemikhali, isixazululo se-sodium hypophosphite sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokunciphisa.
6, Ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali
Inhloso yokufakwa kwamakhemikhali ukwakha ifilimu yensimbi eqhubayo ebusweni bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ukudala izimo zokufakwa kwensimbi yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki nge-electroplating. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufakweni kwepulasitiki nge-electroplating.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-13-2024