Nhanganyaya: Maitiro ekugadzirazvigadzirwa zvepurasitikiZvinosanganisira maitiro mana akakosha: kugadzira chakuvhuvhu, kugadzirisa pamusoro, kudhinda, uye kuunganidza. Kugadzirisa pamusoro chinhu chakakosha. Kuti pave nesimba rekubatanidza chifukidziro uye pave nehwaro hwakanaka hwekufambisa mvura, maitiro ekugadzirisa asati agadzirwa akakosha.
Kugadziriswa kwepurasitiki pamusoro pezvinhu zvepurasitiki
Zvinonyanya kusanganisira kurapwa kwekuputira uye kurapwa kwekuputira. Kazhinji, mapurasitiki ane mwero mukuru wekristaro, polarity diki kana kuti asina polarity, uye simba shoma repamusoro, izvo zvinokanganisa kunamira kwekuputira. Sezvo purasitiki isiri insulator inofambisa mhepo, haigone kuputirwa zvakananga pamusoro pepurasitiki zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi. Saka, usati wagadzirisa pamusoro, kurapwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti simba rekuputira riwedzere uye kupa jira repasi rinofambisa mhepo rine simba rakanaka rekuputira mhepo.
Kurapa kwekuputira usati watanga
Kurapa kwekutanga kunosanganisira kubvisa mafuta pamusoro pepurasitiki, kureva kuchenesa mafuta nechinhu chinoburitsa mafuta pamusoro, uye kuita kuti pamusoro pepurasitiki pave nekunamira, kuitira kuti pave nekunamira kwepurasitiki.
1, Kubvisa mafuta
Kubvisa mafutazvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Kufanana nekubvisa mafuta esimbi, kubvisa mafuta epurasitiki kunogona kuitwa nekuchenesa ne organic solvents kana kubvisa mafuta ne alkaline aqueous solutions ine surfactants. Kubvisa mafuta ne organic solvents kwakakodzera kuchenesa paraffin, beewax, mafuta nedzimwe tsvina dze organic kubva pamusoro pepurasitiki. Organic solvent inoshandiswa haifanirwe kunyunguduka, kuzvimba kana kutsemura purasitiki, uye ine poindi shoma yekufashaira, inoshanduka-shanduka, haina chepfu uye haibati moto. Alkaline aqueous solutions yakakodzera kubvisa mafuta epurasitiki anodzivirira alkali. Mhinduro iyi ine caustic soda, alkaline salts uye surfactants dzakasiyana-siyana. Surfactant inonyanya kushandiswa iOP series, kureva alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, iyo isingaumbi furo uye isingagari pamusoro pepurasitiki.
2, Kushanda kwepamusoro
Kushanda uku ndekwekuvandudza hunhu hwepamusoro pepurasitiki, kureva kuti, kugadzira mamwe mapoka epolar pamusoro pepurasitiki kana kuigadzirisa kuitira kuti coating inyoroveswe uye inyudzwe zviri nyore pamusoro pechinhu chebasa. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa kushanda kwepamusoro, dzakadai se chemical oxidation, flame oxidation, solvent vapor etching uye corona discharge oxidation. Inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye chemical crystal oxidation treatment, iyo inowanzo shandisa chromic acid treatment liquid, uye fomura yayo yakajairika ndeye 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% mvura, uye 87.5% concentrated sulfuric acid (inopfuura 96%).
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, zvakaita sepolystyrene neABS plastics, zvinogona kuputirwa zvakananga pasina chemical oxidation therapy. Kuti pave ne coating yepamusoro-soro, chemical oxidation therapy inoshandiswawo. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekubviswa mafuta, ABS plastic inogona kuchekwa ne diluted chromic acid treatment liquid. Fomura yayo yekurapa yakajairika i420g/L chromic acid uye 200ml/L sulfuric acid (specific gravity 1.83). Maitiro ekurapa akajairika i65℃70℃/5min10min, kugeza nemvura, uye kuomesa. Kubatsira kwekucheka ne chromic acid treatment liquid ndeyekuti zvisinei nekuti chimiro chechigadzirwa chepurasitiki chakaoma sei, chinogona kurapwa zvakaenzana. Dambudziko nderekuti mashandiro acho ane njodzi uye kune matambudziko ekusvibiswa.
Kugadziriswa kwekuputira kwepurasitiki usati watanga
Chinangwa chekugadzirisa pendi yepurasitiki pakutanga ndechekuvandudza kunamira kwependi pamusoro pepurasitiki uye kugadzira simbi inofamba pamusoro pepurasitiki. Maitiro ekugadzirisa purasitiki asati apera anosanganisira: kukwesha kwesimbi, kubvisa mafuta mumakemikari, kukwesha kwesimbi, kurapwa kwekusimbisa, kurapwa kwekugadzirisa, kurapwa kwekuderedza mafuta uye kuputira makemikari. Zvinhu zvitatu zvekutanga ndezvekuvandudza kunamira kwependi, uye zvinhu zvina zvekupedzisira kugadzira simbi inofamba pasi.
1. Kukwesha kwemuchina uye kukwesha kwemakemikari
Kugadzirisa ngura nemakemikari kuchaita kuti pamusoro pepurasitiki pave pakaomarara nekushandisa nzira dzemakanika uye nzira dzemakemikari zvichiteerana kuti nzvimbo yekubata pakati pejira nesubstrate iwedzere. Kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti simba rekubatanidza rinogona kuwanikwa nekugadzira ngura nemakemikari rinenge 10% chete yekushanda kwemakemikari.
2, Kubvisa mafuta nemakemikari
Nzira yekubvisa mafuta yekubvisa purasitiki pamusoro peganda isati yagadzirwa yakafanana nenzira yekubvisa mafuta yekubvisa purasitiki isati yagadzirwa.
3. Kunzwisisa
Kunzwa kunoreva kunyudza zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyungudika nyore nyore, zvakaita setin dichloride, titanium trichloride, nezvimwewo, pamusoro pepurasitiki ine mukana wekuti inyungudike. Zvinhu izvi zvinonyungudika nyore nyore zvinonyungudika panguva yekurapa, uye activator inoderedzwa kuita catalytic crystal nuclei uye inoramba iri pamusoro pechigadzirwa. Basa rekunzwisisa nderekuisa hwaro hwechikamu chinotevera chesimbi inoputira makemikari.
4. Kushanda
Kushanda kwechinhu kunoreva kurapa pamusoro pechinhu chakagadziriswa nerubatsiro rwemushonga wesimbi inoshanda ne catalytically active. Chinhu chikuru ndechekunyudza chigadzirwa chakanyudzwa nemushonga unodzikisa mvura mumvura ine oxidant yemunyu wesimbi unokosha, kuitira kuti maion esimbi anokosha aderedzwe ne S2+n se oxidant, uye simbi inokosha yakaderera inoiswa pamusoro pechinhu ichi muchimiro che colloidal particles, ine simba guru re catalytic activity. Kana nzvimbo iyi yanyikwa mumushonga we chemical plating, zvidimbu izvi zvinova nzvimbo dzinobatsira, izvo zvinokurumidzisa reaction rate ye chemical plating.
5, Kurapa kwekuderedza
Pamberi pekuputira makemikari, zvigadzirwa zvakambovhurwa uye zvagezwa nemvura yakachena zvinonyudzwa mune imwe solution ye reduction agent inoshandiswa mu chemical plating kuderedza nekubvisa activator isina kugezwa. Izvi zvinonzi reduction treatment. Kana chemical copper yaputirwa, formaldehyde solution inoshandiswa mukuderedza, uye kana chemical nickel yaputirwa, sodium hypophosphite solution inoshandiswa mukuderedza.
6, Kuisa makemikari pajira
Chinangwa chekuputira makemikari ndechekugadzira firimu resimbi rinofambisa mhepo pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kuti pave nemamiriro ekugadzira simbi yepurasitiki. Saka, kupaka makemikari idanho guru mukuputika kwepurasitiki.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-13-2024