Ibhotile yeglasiUkwaleka lukhonkco olubalulekileyo lonyango lomphezulu kwicandelo lokupakisha ubuhle. Longeza uboya obuhle kwisikhongozeli seglasi. Kweli nqaku, sabelana ngenqaku malunga nonyango lokutshiza umphezulu webhotile yeglasi kunye nezakhono zokufanisa imibala.
Ⅰ, izakhono zokusebenza zokwakha ngokutshiza ipeyinti yebhotile yeglasi
1. Sebenzisa i-diluent ecocekileyo okanye amanzi ukulungisa ipeyinti ibe yi-viscometer efanelekileyo yokutshiza. Emva kokulinganisa nge-viscometer ye-Tu-4, i-viscometer efanelekileyo idla ngokuba yimizuzwana eli-18 ukuya kwengama-30. Ukuba akukho viscometer okwangoku, ungasebenzisa indlela ebonakalayo: xuba ipeyinti ngentonga (intsimbi okanye intonga yomthi) uze uyiphakamise ifikelele kubude obungama-20 cm uze uyimise ukuze uyibone. Ukuba ipeyinti ayiphuki ngexesha elifutshane (imizuzwana embalwa), ityebile kakhulu; ukuba iyaphuki kwangoko nje ukuba ishiye umphetho ongaphezulu webhakethi, ityebile kakhulu; xa ima kubude obungama-20 cm, ipeyinti iba kumgca othe tye kwaye iyeke ukugeleza kwaye ithontsize ngephanyazo. Le viscometer ifanelekile ngakumbi.
2. Uxinzelelo lomoya kufuneka lulawulwe kwi-0.3-0.4 MPa (3-4 kgf/cm2). Ukuba uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, ulwelo lwepeyinti aluyi kulungiswa kakuhle kwaye imingxuma iya kubakho phezu komphezulu; ukuba uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu, luya kutshona lula kwaye inkungu yepeyinti iya kuba nkulu kakhulu, nto leyo eya kutshabalalisa izinto kwaye ichaphazele impilo yomqhubi.
3. Umgama phakathi kwempumlo nomphezulu ngokubanzi yi-200-300 mm. Ukuba ikufutshane kakhulu, iya kutshona lula; ukuba ikude kakhulu, inkungu yepeyinti ayizukufana kwaye imingxuma iya kuvela lula, kwaye ukuba inkungu ikude nomphezulu, inkungu yepeyinti iya kubhabha ihambe endleleni, ibangele inkunkuma. Ubungakanani obuthile besithuba kufuneka bulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokohlobo, i-viscosity kunye noxinzelelo lomoya lwepeyinti yebhotile yeglasi. Isithuba sokutshiza ipeyinti okomisa kancinci sinokuba kude, kwaye sinokuba kude xa i-viscosity incinci; xa uxinzelelo lomoya luphezulu, isithuba sinokuba kude, kwaye sinokuba kufutshane xa uxinzelelo luncinci; oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-closer and far kubhekisa kuluhlu lohlengahlengiso oluphakathi kwe-10 mm kunye ne-50 mm. Ukuba ludlula olu luhlu, kunzima ukufumana ifilimu yepeyinti efanelekileyo.
4. Isibhamu sokutshiza singashukunyiswa phezulu nasezantsi, ekhohlo nasekunene, ngcono ngesantya esifanayo se-10-12 m/min. Impumlo kufuneka itshizwe ngokuthe tyaba phezu komphezulu wento, kwaye ukutshiza okugobileyo kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Xa kutshizwa kuzo zombini iziphelo zomphezulu, isandla esibambe isixhobo sokutshiza kufuneka sikhululwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuncitshiswe inkungu yokupenda, kuba iziphelo ezibini zomphezulu wento zihlala zifumana ukutshiza okungaphezulu kwesibini, kwaye zezona ndawo apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuvuza.
5. Xa kutshizwa, umaleko olandelayo kufuneka ucinezele i-1/3 okanye i-1/4 yomaleko wangaphambili, ukuze kungabikho kuvuza. Xa kutshizwa ipeyinti eyomisa ngokukhawuleza, kuyimfuneko ukuyitshiza ngokulandelelana ngaxeshanye. Isiphumo sokutshiza kwakhona asifanelekanga.
6. Xa utshiza kwindawo evulekileyo ngaphandle, qaphela icala lomoya (akufanelekanga ukusebenza xa kukho imimoya enamandla), kwaye umntu osebenza kufuneka eme kwicala lomoya ukuthintela ukuba inkungu yepeyinti ingavuthelwa kwifilimu yepeyinti etshiziweyo ize ibangele ihlazo kumphezulu we-granular.
7. Indlela yokutshiza: kunzima kuqala, kulula kamva, ngaphakathi kuqala, ngaphandle kamva. Phezulu kuqala, sezantsi kamva, indawo encinci kuqala, indawo enkulu kamva. Ngale ndlela, inkungu yepeyinti etshizwa kamva ayizukutshiza kwifilimu yepeyinti etshizwayo ize yonakalise ifilimu yepeyinti etshizwayo.
Ⅱ, izakhono zokufanisa imibala yepeyinti yebhotile yeglasi
1. Umgaqo osisiseko wombala
Ubomvu + tyheli = orenji
Bomvu + luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = mfusa
Utyheli + mfusa = luhlaza
2. Umgaqo osisiseko wemibala ehambelanayo
Ubomvu noluhlaza ziyahambelana, oko kukuthi, ubomvu bunokunciphisa uluhlaza, kwaye uluhlaza bunokunciphisa ubomvu;
Umthubi nomthubi ziyahambelana, oko kukuthi, umthubi unokunciphisa umbala omfusa, kwaye umthubi unokunciphisa umbala omfusa;
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noorenji ziyahambelana, oko kukuthi, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unokunciphisa umbala orenji, kwaye umbala orenji unokunciphisa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
3. Ulwazi olusisiseko ngombala
Ngokubanzi, umbala abantu abathetha ngawo wahlulwe waba zizinto ezintathu: umbala, ukukhanya kunye nokugcwala. Umbala ukwabizwa ngokuba yi-hue, oko kukuthi obomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omfusa, njl.njl.; ukukhanya kukwabizwa ngokuba kukukhanya, okuchaza ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama bombala; ukugcwala kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-chroma, okuchaza ubunzulu bombala.
4. Imigaqo esisiseko yokufanisa imibala
Ngokubanzi, musa ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu zepeyinti ukufanisa imibala. Ukuxuba umbala obomvu, otyheli noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokwemilinganiselo ethile kunokufumana imibala eyahlukeneyo ephakathi (oko kukuthi imibala enemibala eyahlukeneyo). Ngokusekelwe kwimibala ephambili, ukongeza umhlophe kunokufumana imibala enezatiya ezahlukeneyo (oko kukuthi imibala enemibala eyahlukileyo). Ngokusekelwe kwimibala ephambili, ukongeza umnyama kunokufumana imibala enokukhanya okwahlukileyo (oko kukuthi imibala enokukhanya okwahlukileyo).
5. Iindlela ezisisiseko zokuthelekisa imibala
Ukudibanisa nokudibanisa iipeyinti kulandela umgaqo wombala ongaphantsi. Imibala emithathu ephambili ibomvu, tyheli kunye nebhlowu, kwaye imibala yazo ehambelanayo iluhlaza, mfusa kunye neorenji. Le mibala ibizwa ngokuba yimibala ehambelanayo yimibala emibini yokukhanya exutywe ngokwesilinganiso esithile ukuze kufunyanwe ukukhanya okumhlophe. Umbala ohambelanayo obomvu uluhlaza, umbala ohambelanayo otyheli umfusa, kwaye umbala ohambelanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uorenji. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umbala ubomvu kakhulu, ungongeza oluhlaza; ukuba utyheli kakhulu, ungongeza omfusa; ukuba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu, ungongeza orenji. Imibala emithathu ephambili ibomvu, tyheli, kunye nebhlowu, kwaye imibala yayo ehambelanayo iluhlaza, mfusa, kunye neorenji. Le mibala ibizwa ngokuba yimibala ehambelanayo yimibala emibini yokukhanya exutywe ngokwesilinganiso esithile ukuze kufunyanwe ukukhanya okumhlophe. Umbala ohambelanayo obomvu uluhlaza, umbala ohambelanayo otyheli umfusa, kwaye umbala ohambelanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uorenji. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umbala ubomvu kakhulu, ungongeza oluhlaza; ukuba utyheli kakhulu, ungongeza orenji; ukuba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu, ungongeza orenji.
Ngaphambi kokuba ufanise imibala, qala ngokuchonga indawo yombala oza kuhambelana ngokomfanekiso ongezantsi, uze ukhethe imibala emibini efanayo ukuze ihambelane nomlinganiselo othile. Sebenzisa izinto ezifanayo zebhodi yebhotile yeglasi okanye isixhobo sokusebenza esiza kutshizwa ukuze sihambelane nombala (ubude besiseko, ibhotile yeglasi yetyuwa yesodiyam kunye nebhotile yeglasi yetyuwa yecalcium ziya kubonisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo). Xa ufanisa umbala, qala ngokongeza umbala oyintloko, uze usebenzise umbala onamandla ombala njengombala wesibini, kancinci nangokuqhubekayo yongeza kwaye uvuselele rhoqo, kwaye ujonge utshintsho lombala nangaliphi na ixesha, thatha iisampulu uze uzisule, uzixube, uzitshize okanye uzicwilise kwisampulu ecocekileyo, kwaye uthelekise umbala nesampulu yokuqala emva kokuba umbala uzinze. Umgaqo "wokusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya ebumnyameni" kufuneka uqondwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yokufanisa imibala.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-28-2024