Ibhodlela lengilaziUkwemboza kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokwelashwa kwendawo emkhakheni wokupakisha izimonyo. Kwengeza uboya obuhle esitsheni sengilazi. Kulesi sihloko, sabelana ngesihloko mayelana nokwelashwa kokufutha ubuso bebhodlela lengilazi kanye namakhono okufanisa imibala.
Ⅰ, amakhono okusebenza kokwakha ngokufafaza upende ngebhodlela lengilazi
1. Sebenzisa i-diluent ehlanzekile noma amanzi ukulungisa upende ube yi-viscometer efanelekile yokufafaza. Ngemva kokulinganisa nge-viscometer ye-Tu-4, i-viscometer efanelekile ngokuvamile ingamasekhondi angu-18 kuya kwangu-30. Uma ingekho i-viscometer okwamanje, ungasebenzisa indlela ebonakalayo: hlanganisa upende ngenduku (insimbi noma induku yokhuni) bese uwuphakamisa ufike ku-20 cm ubude bese uwumisa ukuze ubuke. Uma upende ungaphuki ngesikhathi esifushane (amasekhondi ambalwa), uba mkhulu kakhulu; uma uphuki ngokushesha nje lapho ushiya unqenqema olungaphezulu lwebhakede, uba mncane kakhulu; uma umi ku-20 cm ubude, upende uba semgceni oqondile futhi uyeke ukugeleza bese uconsa phansi ngokushesha. Lokhu kuphuki kufaneleke kakhulu.
2. Umfutho womoya kufanele ulawulwe ku-0.3-0.4 MPa (3-4 kgf/cm2). Uma umfutho uphansi kakhulu, uketshezi lopende ngeke lubekwe kahle futhi imigodi izokwakheka ebusweni; uma umfutho uphakeme kakhulu, uzowa kalula futhi inkungu yopende izoba nkulu kakhulu, okuzochitha izinto futhi kuthinte impilo yomqhubi.
3. Ibanga phakathi kwe-nozzle kanye nobuso ngokuvamile lingu-200-300 mm. Uma iseduze kakhulu, izogoba kalula; uma ikude kakhulu, inkungu yopende ngeke ilingane futhi kuzovela kalula imigodi, futhi uma i-nozzle ikude nobuso, inkungu yopende izondiza ihambe endleleni, ibangele ukungcola. Usayizi othize we-interval kufanele ulungiswe ngokufanele ngokuya ngohlobo, i-viscosity kanye nomfutho womoya wepende lebhodlela lengilazi. I-interval yokufafaza upende okomisa kancane ingaba kude, futhi ingaba kude uma i-viscosity incane; lapho ingcindezi yomoya iphezulu, i-interval ingaba kude, futhi ingaba eduze uma ingcindezi incane; lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-closer and far ibhekisela ebangeni lokulungisa eliphakathi kuka-10 mm no-50 mm. Uma lidlula leli banga, kunzima ukuthola ifilimu yopende efanele.
4. Isibhamu sokufutha singahanjiswa phezulu naphansi, kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, okungcono ngesivinini esifanayo esingu-10-12 m/min. I-nozzle kufanele ifuthwe kahle ebusweni bento, futhi ukufutha okuqondile kufanele kuncishiswe. Lapho kufuthwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuso, isandla esiphethe isibhamu sokufutha kufanele sikhululwe ngokushesha ukuze kuncishiswe inkungu yopende, ngoba izinhlangothi ezimbili zobuso bento zivame ukuthola ukufutha okungaphezu kwamabili, futhi yizindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuconsa.
5. Uma ufafaza, ungqimba olulandelayo kufanele lucindezele u-1/3 noma u-1/4 wengqimba yangaphambilini, ukuze kungabikho ukuvuza. Uma ufafaza upende owomisa ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuwufafaza ngokulandelana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umphumela wokufafaza kabusha awulungile.
6. Uma ufafaza endaweni evulekile ngaphandle, naka indlela umoya oya ngayo (akufanele ukusebenza emimoyeni enamandla), futhi opharetha kufanele ame ngendlela umoya oya ngayo ukuvimbela inkungu yopende ukuthi ingapheshulwa efilimini yopende efafaziwe futhi ibangele ubuso obuyi-granular obuhlazisayo.
7. Uhlelo lokufafaza luthi: kunzima kuqala, kulula kamuva, ngaphakathi kuqala, ngaphandle kamuva. Okuphezulu kuqala, okuphansi kamuva, indawo encane kuqala, indawo enkulu kamuva. Ngale ndlela, inkungu yopende efafazwa kamuva ngeke ichithekele efilimini yopende efafaziwe futhi yonakalise ifilimu yopende efafaziwe.
Ⅱ, amakhono okufanisa umbala wopende webhodlela lengilazi
1. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sombala
Obomvu + ophuzi = orenji
Obomvu + oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = onsomi
Ophuzi + onsomi = oluhlaza okotshani
2. Isimiso esiyisisekelo semibala ehambisanayo
Okubomvu nokuluhlaza kuyahambisana, okungukuthi, okubomvu kunganciphisa okuluhlaza, kanti okuluhlaza kunganciphisa okubomvu;
Okuphuzi nokunsomi kuyahambisana, okungukuthi, okuphuzi kunganciphisa okunsomi, kanti okunsomi kunganciphisa okuphuzi;
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuwolintshi kuyahambisana, okungukuthi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunganciphisa umbala wewolintshi, kanti okuwolintshi kunganciphisa umbala wewolintshi;
3. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngombala
Ngokuvamile, umbala abantu abakhuluma ngawo uhlukaniswe izakhi ezintathu: umbala, ukukhanya kanye nokugcwala. Umbala ubizwa nangokuthi umbala, okungukuthi obomvu, owolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, i-cyan, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, njll.; ukukhanya kubizwa nangokuthi ukukhanya, okuchaza ukukhanya kanye nobumnyama bombala; ukugcwala kubizwa nangokuthi i-chroma, okuchaza ukujula kombala.
4. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokufanisa imibala
Ngokuvamile, ungasebenzisi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu zopende ukuze ufanise imibala. Ukuxuba obomvu, ophuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesilinganiso esithile kungathola imibala ephakathi ehlukene (okungukuthi imibala enemibala ehlukene). Ngokusekelwe emibala eyinhloko, ukwengeza okumhlophe kungathola imibala enemibala ehlukene (okungukuthi imibala enemibala ehlukene). Ngokusekelwe emibala eyinhloko, ukwengeza okumnyama kungathola imibala enemibala ehlukene (okungukuthi imibala enemibala ehlukene).
5. Amasu ayisisekelo okufanisa imibala
Ukuxuba nokuhlanganisa amapende kulandela isimiso sombala osusayo. Imibala emithathu eyinhloko ibomvu, iphuzi kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti imibala yayo ehambisanayo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi kanye no-orenji. Okubizwa ngokuthi imibala ehambisanayo yimibala emibili yokukhanya exutshwe ngesilinganiso esithile ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya okumhlophe. Umbala ohambisanayo obomvu uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala ohambisanayo ophuzi ubomvu, kanti umbala ohambisanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka u-orenji. Okusho ukuthi, uma umbala ubomvu kakhulu, ungangeza oluhlaza; uma uphuzi kakhulu, ungangeza onsomi; uma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu, ungangeza orenji. Imibala emithathu eyinhloko ibomvu, iphuzi, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti imibala yayo ehambisanayo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, no-orenji. Okubizwa ngokuthi imibala ehambisanayo yimibala emibili yokukhanya exutshwe ngesilinganiso esithile ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya okumhlophe. Umbala ohambisanayo obomvu uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala ohambisanayo ophuzi ubomvu, kanti umbala ohambisanayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka u-orenji. Okusho ukuthi, uma umbala ubomvu kakhulu, ungangeza oluhlaza; uma uphuzi kakhulu, ungangeza onsomi; uma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu, ungangeza orenji.
Ngaphambi kokufanisa imibala, qala ngokunquma indawo yombala ozohambisana nayo ngokwesithombe esingezansi, bese ukhetha imibala emibili efanayo ukuze ifane nesilinganiso esithile. Sebenzisa izinto ezifanayo zebhodi lebhodlela lengilazi noma isiqeshana sokusebenza esizofuthwa ukuze sifane nombala (ubukhulu be-substrate, ibhodlela lengilazi likasawoti we-sodium kanye nebhodlela lengilazi likasawoti we-calcium kuzobonisa imiphumela ehlukene). Uma ufanisa umbala, qala ngokufaka umbala oyinhloko, bese usebenzisa umbala onamandla okufaka imibala njengombala wesibili, kancane kancane futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wengeze futhi uvuselele njalo, bese ubona izinguquko zombala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, thatha amasampula bese uwasula, uwaxube, uwafafaze noma uwacwilise kusampula ehlanzekile, bese uqhathanisa umbala nesampula yokuqala ngemva kokuba umbala uzinze. Umgomo "wokusuka ekukhanyeni kuya ebumnyameni" kumele uqondwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokufanisa imibala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-28-2024