Izinto zokupakisha izinto zokuhombisa ikakhulu ziiplastiki, iglasi kunye nephepha. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ukucutshungulwa kunye nokugcinwa kweeplastiki, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya, ioksijini, ubushushu, imitha, ivumba, imvula, ukungunda, iibhaktheriya, njl.njl., ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali zeplastiki luyatshatyalaliswa, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kweempawu zazo zokuqala ezintle. Le meko idla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukwaluphala. Iimpawu eziphambili zokwaluphala kweplastiki kukutshintsha kombala, utshintsho kwiimpawu zomzimba, utshintsho kwiimpawu zoomatshini kunye notshintsho kwiimpawu zombane.
1. Imvelaphi yokwaluphala kweplastiki
Kubomi bethu, ezinye iimveliso zichatshazelwa kukukhanya, kwaye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet elangeni, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, imvula kunye nombethe, kuya kubangela ukuba imveliso ifumane iziganeko zokwaluphala ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngamandla, ukuqhekeka, ukuxobuka, ukufiphala, ukutshintsha kombala, kunye nokuba yimpuphu. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela ukuguga kwezinto. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela ukuba izinto ezininzi zonakale, oku kunxulumene nobuthathaka kunye nobubanzi bezinto. Izinto nganye zisabela ngokwahlukileyo kwi-spectrum.
Izinto ezixhaphakileyo zokwaluphala kweplastiki kwindawo yendalo bubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kuba indawo apho izinto zeplastiki zichaphazeleka kakhulu bubushushu kunye nelanga (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet). Ukufunda ukuguga kweplastiki okubangelwa zezi ntlobo zimbini zeendawo kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo esetyenziswayo. Uvavanyo lwayo lokwaluphala lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini: ukuvezwa ngaphandle kunye novavanyo lokwaluphala olukhawulezileyo lwelabhoratri.
Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso isetyenziswe kakhulu, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuguga kancinci ukuze kuvavanywe ukumelana kwayo nokuguga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguga kwendalo kungathatha iminyaka eliqela okanye nangaphezulu ukubona iziphumo, nto leyo ngokucacileyo engahambelaniyo nemveliso yokwenyani. Ngaphezu koko, iimeko zemozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Izixhobo zovavanyo ezifanayo kufuneka zivavanywe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enyusa kakhulu iindleko zovavanyo.
2. Uvavanyo lokuvezwa ngaphandle
Ukuvezwa ngqo ngaphandle kubhekisa ekukhanyeni ngqo elangeni nakwezinye iimeko zemozulu. Yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokuvavanya ukumelana nemozulu kwezinto zeplastiki.
Iingenelo:
Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu
Ukuzinza okuhle
Kulula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa
Iingxaki:
Ngokwesiqhelo umjikelo omde kakhulu
Ukwahlukahluka kwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela
Iisampuli ezahlukeneyo zinobuntununtunu obahlukeneyo kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo
3. Indlela yokuvavanya ukwaluphala ngokukhawuleza elebhu
Uvavanyo lokuguga kokukhanya kwelebhu alunakwenza nje kuphela kube mfutshane umjikelo, kodwa lukwanokuphinda-phinda okuhle kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Lugqitywa kwilebhu kuyo yonke inkqubo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imiqathango yendawo, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye lunolawulo oluqinileyo. Ukulinganisa imeko yokukhanya yokwenyani kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zokuguga kokukhanya okukhawulezileyo okwenziweyo kunokufezekisa injongo yokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kwezinto. Iindlela eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo luvavanyo lokuguga kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, uvavanyo lokuguga kwesibane se-xenon kunye nokuguga kokukhanya kwe-carbon arc.
1. Indlela yovavanyo lokuguga ngokukhanya kweXenon
Uvavanyo lokuguga kwezibane zeXenon luvavanyo olulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga okupheleleyo. Uvavanyo lokuguga kwezibane zeXenon lunokulinganisa imozulu yendalo eyenziweyo ngexesha elifutshane. Luyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola iifomyula kunye nokuphucula ukwakheka kwemveliso kwinkqubo yophando lwesayensi kunye nemveliso, kwaye lukwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso.
Idatha yovavanyo lokuguga kwesibane seXenon inokunceda ukukhetha izinto ezintsha, ukuguqula izinto ezikhoyo, kunye nokuvavanya indlela utshintsho kwiifomyula oluchaphazela ngayo ukuqina kweemveliso.
Umgaqo osisiseko: Igumbi lovavanyo lwezibane ze-xenon lisebenzisa izibane ze-xenon ukulinganisa imiphumo yokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye lisebenzisa umswakama oxineneyo ukulinganisa imvula nombethe. Izinto ezivavanyiweyo zifakwa kumjikelo wokukhanya okutshintshisanayo kunye nomswakama kubushushu obuthile ukuze kuvavanywe, kwaye zinokuphinda zivelise iingozi ezenzeka ngaphandle kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa.
Isicelo sovavanyo:
Ingabonelela ngokulinganisa okusingqongileyo okuhambelanayo kunye novavanyo olukhawulezileyo lophando lwesayensi, uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhetha izinto ezintsha, ukuphucula izinto ezikhoyo okanye ukuvavanya ukuqina emva kokutshintsha kokwakheka kwezinto.
Ingalinganisa kakuhle utshintsho olubangelwa zizinto ezivezwe kukukhanya kwelanga phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
2. Indlela yokuvavanya ukuguga kokukhanya kwe-UV fluorescent
Uvavanyo lokwaluphala lwe-UV lulinganisa kakhulu isiphumo sokuwohloka kokukhanya kwe-UV elangeni kwimveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, lunokuphinda luvelise umonakalo obangelwe yimvula nombethe. Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokubeka izinto eziza kuvavanywa kumjikelo olawulwayo wokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma ngelixa kunyusa ubushushu. Izibane ze-ultraviolet fluorescent zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye impembelelo yokufuma ingalinganiswa nangokufutha okanye ukutshiza.
Isibane se-UV esikhanyayo sisibane se-mercury esiphantsi koxinzelelo esinobude bomda obuyi-254nm. Ngenxa yokongezwa kobomi be-phosphorus ukuze siyiguqule ibe bubude bomda obude, ukusasazwa kwamandla kwesibane se-UV esikhanyayo kuxhomekeke kwi-emission spectrum eveliswa bubomi be-phosphorus kunye nokusasazwa kwetyhubhu yeglasi. Izibane ze-Fluorescent zihlala zahlulwe zibe yi-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-UV ekufuneka sisetyenziswe.
3. Indlela yokuvavanya ukuguga kwesibane se-carbon arc
Isibane se-arc yekhabhoni siteknoloji endala. Isixhobo se-arc yekhabhoni sasisetyenziswa ekuqaleni ziingcali zedayi zokwenziwa zaseJamani ukuvavanya ukuqina kokukhanya kwelaphu elidayiweyo. Izibane ze-arc yekhabhoni zahlulwe zaba zizibane ze-arc yekhabhoni ezivaliweyo nezivulekileyo. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-arc yekhabhoni, i-spectrum yaso yahlukile kakhulu kwi-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yembali ende yale projekthi yetekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yokuqala yokulinganisa ukukhanya okwenziweyo yasebenzisa esi sixhobo, ngoko ke le ndlela isabonakala kwimigangatho yangaphambili, ngakumbi kwimigangatho yokuqala yaseJapan, apho itekhnoloji yesibane se-arc yekhabhoni yayisetyenziswa rhoqo njengendlela yovavanyo lokuguga kokukhanya okwenziweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-20-2024