Izinto zokupakisha zobuhle ikakhulukazi ziyipulasitiki, ingilazi nephepha. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukucutshungulwa nokugcinwa kwamapulasitiki, ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle njengokukhanya, umoya-mpilo, ukushisa, imisebe, iphunga, imvula, isikhunta, amabhaktheriya, njll., isakhiwo samakhemikhali samapulasitiki siyabhujiswa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqala. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuguga kwepulasitiki ukushintsha kombala, izinguquko ezakhiweni zomzimba, izinguquko ezakhiweni zemishini kanye nezinguquko ezakhiweni zikagesi.
1. Isizinda sokuguga kwepulasitiki
Empilweni yethu, eminye imikhiqizo ivuleka ekukhanyeni ngokungenakugwenywa, futhi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kuhlanganiswe nokushisa okuphezulu, imvula namazolo, kuzokwenza umkhiqizo ubhekane nezimo zokuguga njengokulahlekelwa amandla, ukuqhekeka, ukuxebuka, ukufiphala, ukushintsha kombala, kanye nokuba yimpuphu. Ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nomswakama yizinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuguga kwezinto. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungabangela ukuba izinto eziningi zonakale, okuhlobene nokuzwela kanye nobubanzi bezinto. Izinto ngazinye zisabela ngendlela ehlukile kububanzi bezinto.
Izinto ezivame kakhulu zokuguga kwamapulasitiki endaweni yemvelo ukushisa nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ngoba indawo lapho izinto zepulasitiki zichayeka khona kakhulu ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet). Ukufunda ukuguga kwamapulasitiki okubangelwa yilezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezindawo kubaluleke kakhulu endaweni yokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Ukuhlolwa kwayo kokuguga kungahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezimbili: ukuvezwa ngaphandle kanye nokuhlolwa kokuguga okusheshayo kwelabhorethri.
Ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo usetshenziswe kabanzi, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuguga okulula ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana kwawo nokuguga. Kodwa-ke, ukuguga kwemvelo kungathatha iminyaka eminingana noma ngaphezulu ukubona imiphumela, okusobala ukuthi ayihambisani nokukhiqizwa kwangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zihlukile. Izinto zokuhlola ezifanayo zidinga ukuhlolwa ezindaweni ezahlukene, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlola.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuvezwa ngaphandle
Ukuchayeka ngqo ngaphandle kubhekisela ekuchayekeni ngqo elangeni nakwezinye izimo zezulu. Kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokuhlola ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwezinto zepulasitiki.
Izinzuzo:
Izindleko eziphansi ngokuphelele
Ukungaguquguquki okuhle
Kulula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa
Okubi:
Ngokuvamile umjikelezo omude kakhulu
Ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke
Amasampula ahlukene anokuzwela okuhlukile ezimweni zezulu ezahlukene
3. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga okusheshayo kwelabhorethri
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokukhanya kwelabhorethri akugcini nje ngokufinyeza umjikelezo, kodwa futhi kunokuphindaphinda okuhle kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Kuqedwa elabhorethri kuyo yonke inqubo, ngaphandle kokucabangela imikhawulo yendawo, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kunokulawulwa okuqinile. Ukulingisa indawo yangempela yokukhanyisa nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuguga kokukhanya okusheshisiwe okwenziwe kungafeza injongo yokuhlola ngokushesha ukusebenza kwezinto. Izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-xenon kanye nokuguga kokukhanya kwe-carbon arc.
1. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga kokukhanya kwe-Xenon
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-Xenon kuwukuhlolwa okulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-Xenon kungalinganisa isimo sezulu sokwenziwa semvelo ngesikhathi esifushane. Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola amafomula nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka komkhiqizo enqubweni yocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokukhiqizwa, futhi futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Idatha yokuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-Xenon ingasiza ekukhetheni izinto ezintsha, ukuguqula izinto ezikhona, nokuhlola ukuthi izinguquko kumafomula zithinta kanjani ukuqina kwemikhiqizo
Isimiso esiyisisekelo: Igumbi lokuhlola isibani se-xenon lisebenzisa izibani ze-xenon ukulingisa imiphumela yokukhanya kwelanga, futhi lisebenzisa umswakama ohlanganisiwe ukulingisa imvula namazolo. Izinto ezivivinyiwe zifakwa emjikelezweni wokushintshana kokukhanya nomswakama ekushiseni okuthile ukuze kuhlolwe, futhi lingaphinda likhiqize izingozi ezenzeka ngaphandle izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlola:
Inganikeza ukulingiswa kwemvelo okuhambisanayo kanye nokuhlolwa okusheshisiwe kocwaningo lwesayensi, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Ingasetshenziswa ekukhetheni izinto ezintsha, ukuthuthukisa izinto ezikhona noma ukuhlola ukuqina ngemva kokushintsha kokwakheka kwezinto.
Ingalingisa kahle izinguquko ezibangelwa izinto ezivezwe elangeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zemvelo.
2. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga kokukhanya kwe-UV fluorescent
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwe-UV kulingisa kakhulu umphumela wokuwohloka kokukhanya kwe-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga kumkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaphinda kukhiqize umonakalo obangelwe yimvula namazolo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokudalula izinto ezizohlolwa emjikelezweni olawulwayo wokukhanya kwelanga nomswakama ngenkathi kukhulisa izinga lokushisa. Izibani ze-ultraviolet fluorescent zisetshenziselwa ukulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi ithonya lomswakama lingalingiswa nangokufiphaza noma ngokufafaza.
Isibani se-UV esikhanyayo siyilambu le-mercury elinomfutho ophansi elinobude obungu-254nm. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kokuphila ndawonye kwe-phosphorus ukuze kuguqulwe kube ubude obude, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwesibani se-UV esikhanyayo kuncike kububanzi bokukhishwa okukhiqizwa ukuhlangana kwe-phosphorus kanye nokusabalala kweshubhu yengilazi. Izibani ezikhanyayo zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe yi-UVA kanye ne-UVB. Ukusetshenziswa kokuvezwa kwezinto kunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesibani se-UV okufanele sisetshenziswe.
3. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga kwesibani se-carbon arc
Isibani se-arc ye-carbon siwubuchwepheshe obudala. Ithuluzi le-arc ye-carbon ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa ososayensi bedayi bokwenziwa baseJalimane ukuhlola ukuqina kokukhanya kwezindwangu ezidaywe. Izibani ze-arc ye-carbon zihlukaniswe ngezibani ze-arc ye-carbon ezivaliwe nezivulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesibani se-arc ye-carbon, i-spectrum yalo ihluke kakhulu ku-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yomlando omude walobu buchwepheshe bephrojekthi, ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokulingisa ukukhanya okwenziwayo basebenzise le mishini, ngakho-ke le ndlela isabonakala ezindinganisweni zangaphambili, ikakhulukazi ezindinganisweni zokuqala zaseJapane, lapho ubuchwepheshe besibani se-arc ye-carbon babuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlola ukuguga kokukhanya okwenziwayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-20-2024