Kayan kwalliya na kayan kwalliya galibi filastik ne, gilashi da takarda. A lokacin amfani, sarrafawa da adana robobi, saboda dalilai daban-daban na waje kamar haske, iskar oxygen, zafi, hasken rana, wari, ruwan sama, mold, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu, tsarin sinadarai na robobi yana lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da asarar kyawawan kaddarorinsu na asali. Wannan lamari galibi ana kiransa tsufa. Babban alamun tsufa na robobi sune canza launi, canje-canje a cikin halayen jiki, canje-canje a cikin halayen injiniya da canje-canje a cikin halayen lantarki.
1. Bayanin tsufan filastik
A rayuwarmu, wasu kayayyaki ba makawa suna fuskantar haske, kuma hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana, tare da yawan zafin jiki, ruwan sama da raɓa, zai sa samfurin ya fuskanci tsufa kamar asarar ƙarfi, fashewa, barewa, rashin haske, canza launi, da kuma yin foda. Hasken rana da danshi sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufan abu. Hasken rana na iya haifar da lalacewa da yawa daga kayan, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin da kayan ke ciki. Kowane abu yana amsawa daban-daban ga yanayin.
Abubuwan da suka fi yawan tsufa ga robobi a muhallin halitta sune zafi da hasken ultraviolet, saboda yanayin da kayan filastik suka fi fuskantar su shine zafi da hasken rana (hasken ultraviolet). Nazarin tsufan robobi da waɗannan nau'ikan muhalli guda biyu ke haifarwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga yanayin amfani da shi. Ana iya raba gwajin tsufa zuwa rukuni biyu: gwajin fallasa waje da gwajin tsufa mai sauri a dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kafin a yi amfani da samfurin a manyan fannoni, ya kamata a yi gwajin tsufa mai sauƙi don tantance juriyarsa ga tsufa. Duk da haka, tsufa na halitta na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa ko ma fiye da haka kafin a ga sakamakon, wanda a bayyane yake ba ya dace da ainihin samarwa ba. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin yanayi a wurare daban-daban ya bambanta. Ana buƙatar a gwada kayan gwaji iri ɗaya a wurare daban-daban, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan kuɗin gwaji sosai.
2. Gwajin fallasa waje
Fuskantar waje kai tsaye tana nufin fallasa kai tsaye ga hasken rana da sauran yanayin yanayi. Ita ce hanya mafi kai tsaye don tantance juriyar yanayi na kayan filastik.
Fa'idodi:
Ƙarancin farashi mai sauƙi
Daidaito mai kyau
Mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin aiki
Rashin amfani:
Yawanci tsawon zagaye ne mai tsawo
Bambancin yanayi na duniya
Samfura daban-daban suna da nau'ikan jin daɗi daban-daban a yanayi daban-daban
3. Hanyar gwajin tsufa cikin sauri a dakin gwaje-gwaje
Gwajin tsufan haske na dakin gwaje-gwaje ba wai kawai zai iya rage zagayowar ba, har ma yana da kyakkyawan maimaitawa da kuma faffadan kewayon aikace-aikace. Ana kammala shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje a duk tsawon aikin, ba tare da la'akari da ƙa'idodin ƙasa ba, kuma yana da sauƙin aiki kuma yana da ƙarfi wajen sarrafawa. Kwaikwayon yanayin haske na ainihi da amfani da hanyoyin tsufan haske na wucin gadi na iya cimma manufar kimanta aikin abu cikin sauri. Manyan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su sune gwajin tsufan haske na ultraviolet, gwajin tsufan fitilar xenon da tsufan hasken carbon.
1. Hanyar gwajin tsufa mai haske ta Xenon
Gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon gwaji ne da ke kwaikwayon cikakken hasken rana. Gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon na iya kwaikwayon yanayin wucin gadi na halitta cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Hanya ce mai mahimmanci don tantance dabarun da inganta tsarin samfura a cikin tsarin binciken kimiyya da samarwa, kuma muhimmin bangare ne na duba ingancin samfura.
Bayanan gwajin tsufa na fitilar Xenon na iya taimakawa wajen zaɓar sabbin kayayyaki, canza kayan da ake da su, da kuma kimanta yadda canje-canje a cikin dabarun ke shafar dorewar samfura.
Ka'ida ta asali: Ɗakin gwajin fitilar xenon yana amfani da fitilun xenon don kwaikwayon tasirin hasken rana, kuma yana amfani da danshi mai kauri don kwaikwayon ruwan sama da raɓa. Ana sanya kayan da aka gwada a cikin zagayowar haske da danshi mai canzawa a wani zafin jiki don gwaji, kuma yana iya haifar da haɗarin da ke faruwa a waje na tsawon watanni ko ma shekaru cikin 'yan kwanaki ko makonni.
Aikace-aikacen gwaji:
Yana iya samar da kwaikwayon muhalli mai dacewa da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don binciken kimiyya, haɓaka samfura da kuma kula da inganci.
Ana iya amfani da shi don zaɓar sabbin kayan aiki, inganta kayan da ake da su ko kimanta juriya bayan canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Zai iya kwaikwayon canje-canjen da kayan da aka fallasa ga hasken rana ke haifarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli.
2. Hanyar gwajin tsufa na hasken UV mai haske
Gwajin tsufa na UV galibi yana kwaikwayon tasirin lalacewar hasken UV a cikin hasken rana akan samfurin. A lokaci guda, yana iya sake haifar da lalacewar da ruwan sama da raɓa suka haifar. Ana gudanar da gwajin ta hanyar fallasa kayan da za a gwada a cikin zagayowar hulɗa mai sarrafawa ta hasken rana da danshi yayin da ake ƙara zafin jiki. Ana amfani da fitilun haske na ultraviolet don kwaikwayon hasken rana, kuma ana iya kwaikwayon tasirin danshi ta hanyar danshi ko feshi.
Fitilar UV mai haske fitila ce mai ƙarancin matsin lamba tare da tsawon tsayin 254nm. Saboda ƙara phosphorus tare don canza shi zuwa tsawon tsayi, rarrabawar makamashin fitilar UV mai haske ya dogara ne akan fitowar iskar da phosphorus ke samarwa da kuma yaduwar bututun gilashi. Yawanci ana raba fitilun mai haske zuwa UVA da UVB. Aikace-aikacen fallasa kayan yana ƙayyade nau'in fitilar UV da ya kamata a yi amfani da ita.
3. Hanyar gwajin tsufa na fitilar carbon
Fitilar baka ta Carbon wata fasaha ce ta da. Masana kimiyyar rini na roba na Jamus ne suka fara amfani da kayan aikin baka na Carbon don tantance saurin haske na yadi da aka rina. Ana raba fitilun baka na Carbon zuwa fitilun baka na Carbon a rufe da bude. Ko da kuwa wane irin fitilar baka ta Carbon ne, haskenta ya bambanta da hasken rana. Saboda dogon tarihin wannan fasaha, fasahar tsufa ta farko ta kwaikwayon hasken wucin gadi ta yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki, don haka har yanzu ana iya ganin wannan hanyar a cikin matakan da suka gabata, musamman a cikin matakan farko na Japan, inda galibi ake amfani da fasahar fitilar baka ta Carbon a matsayin hanyar gwajin tsufa na haske ta wucin gadi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-20-2024