Pamene luso lopaka zinthu zodzikongoletsera likukopa chidwi cha makampani ambiri, mitundu yatsopano ya zinthu zopaka zinthu yakhala yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa luso lopaka zinthu mpaka luso lopanga zinthu komanso logwira ntchito, komanso luso lophatikizana la zinthu zopaka zinthu ndi zida zomwe zilipo panopa. , mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopaka zinthu yatsegula magwero opanga zinthu zatsopano. Monga zinthu zopaka zinthu, zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe zakhala zikukondedwa ndi makampani ndi ogula, monga zinthu zopaka nsungwi ndi matabwa. Pa siteji iyi, zinthu zopaka nsungwi ndi matabwa zaphatikizidwa kwathunthu mu zodzoladzola. Zinthu zopaka nsungwi ndi matabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'banja la zinthu zopaka, kuyambira machubu a milomo, zipewa za mabotolo, majekete a mabotolo, ndi zina zotero. M'nkhaniyi, tiphunzira zambiri zokhudza zinthu zopaka nsungwi ndi matabwa ndi inu.
1. Dziwani zambiri za zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwatchulani zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafakitale okonza zinthu zamatabwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi ngati zinthu zopangira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, monga mabasiketi a nsungwi, ma sefa a nsungwi, mipanda ya nsungwi, mapani a nsungwi, nsungwi zotenthetsera nsungwi, ma broom ophikira, mapani a nsungwi, mabaketi a fumbi a nsungwi, ndi ma rake a nsungwi. , mabasiketi, mitengo ya nsungwi, ndodo za nsungwi, ma broom a nsungwi, zipewa za nsungwi, mapepala a nsungwi, mabasiketi a nsungwi kumbuyo, mphasa za nsungwi, mphasa za nsungwi, mabedi a nsungwi, mipando ya nsungwi, mipando ya nsungwi, matabwa odulira, mphasa, ma coasters a tiyi, makatani, ndi zina zotero, m'zaka zaposachedwapa Pali mipando yotchuka ya pansi ndi nsungwi, komanso ntchito zina zamatabwa zamtengo wapatali, monga zojambula za nsungwi ndi zina.
2. ntchito zamanja za anthu wamba.
1. Ubwino:
● Kuteteza matenda a nyamakazi. Nsungwi imatha kusintha kutentha yokha. Siziziritsa kapena kutulutsa kutentha, ndipo imakhala yotentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira m'chilimwe.
● Maso abwino. Kapangidwe ka nsungwi kamatha kuyamwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Mtundu wake ndi wokongola, wofewa komanso wofunda, zomwe zimathandiza anthu kuona bwino ndipo zimachepetsa myopia.
● Chepetsani phokoso. Nsungwi yokha ili ndi ntchito yoyamwa mawu, kuteteza mawu, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mawu ndikufupikitsa nthawi yotsala ya mawu.
● Pewani mphumu ya ziwengo. Nsungwi ikaphikidwa ndi nthunzi, kutsukidwa, ndi kusinthidwa kukhala kaboni pa kutentha kwakukulu, michere yonse yomwe ili mu ulusi wa nsungwi imachotsedwa, zomwe zimawononga kwathunthu moyo wa njenjete ndi mabakiteriya, kuteteza bowa, komanso kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mphumu ndi ziwengo.
● Makhalidwe achilengedwe.NsungwiMonga anthu, ndi moyo wachilengedwe, ndipo kapangidwe ka nsungwi kamasintha mosasinthasintha. Mtundu wachilengedwe ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka nsungwi ndi monga wolemba ndakatulo Su Dongpo wa Nyimbo ya Ufumu "Ndimakonda kudya popanda nyama kuposa kukhala popanda nsungwi." . Zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi chizindikiro cha kukongola ndi mtengo wake. Zimatulutsa fungo lachilengedwe, kapangidwe ka nsungwi kokongola, komanso zimatulutsa mpweya watsopano komanso wonunkhira bwino, womwe ndi wopindulitsa pa thanzi la thupi ndi la maganizo.
2. Zoyipa:
● Imakonda kugwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi nkhungu, ndipo imawonongeka ndi kusweka ndi chilengedwe.
● Zambiri mwa izo ndi zolukidwa ndi manja ndipo sizolimba ngati mipando yamatabwa yachitsulo.
3. Kusankha zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa
Kupanga zinthu zamanja zamatabwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pankhani yosankha zinthu za nsungwi. Nthawi zambiri, mumapita kumapiri nthawi yozizira isanafike, masika asanafike, nyengo ikakhala bwino, ndipo mumakonza miphika iwiri ikuluikulu yachitsulo, soda yokazinga, mipeni ya nsungwi, nkhwangwa, curium ndi zida zina. Ndi bwino kusankha nsungwi ziwiri. Anthu azaka zopitilira 10, aang'ono kwambiri kapena okalamba kwambiri sakulimbikitsidwa. Posankha nsungwi, tengani mfundo zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pakati pa nsungwi, ndipo sankhani imodzi yokhala ndi malo osalala, yopanda nkhanambo komanso yopanda kuvulala. Mukadula, muyeneranso kusamala ndi chitetezo. Mukavulala, palibe njira yoti mubwezeretse. Kuti mupange chogwirira cholembera, mutha kusankha chimodzi chomwe chili pafupi ndi muzu. Dulani kutalika kaye. Kutalika kwa chogwirira cholembera nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 12. Zidzakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ngati ndi zoposa masentimita 15 kapena 6. Mutha kusankha chida chopumulira mkono chomwe ndi chachitali momwe mungathere. Mukadula nsungwi, ikani mphika nthawi yomweyo, wiritsani madzi, onjezerani soda, ndikuwiritsa pang'onopang'ono pamoto wochepa kwa nthawi yayitali, monga anthu aku Cantonese omwe amapanga supu. Panthawiyi, muyenera nthawi zonse kutulutsa madzi a nsungwi pamadzi. Pakatha maola angapo, tulutsani chubu cha nsungwi ndi zidutswa za nsungwi pamoto, pukutani madzi a nsungwi pamwamba, nthawi yomweyo muziziyika mumphika wina wamadzi otentha, ndikupitiriza kuphika. Mphika uliwonse umatenga pafupifupi maola atatu. Nthawi ikatha, musafulumire kuutulutsa. Yembekezerani mpaka madzi atenthe pang'onopang'ono, kenako pukutani pamwamba pake, ndikuphimba mbali ya khungu la nsungwi ndi pepala lokhuthala kuti muteteze ku mikwingwirima. Nthawi iliyonse mukadula nsungwi, yesani kutenga zambiri momwe mungathere, chifukwa kutayika kudzakhala kwakukulu pambuyo pake, kotero cholinga chachikulu pakusankha zinthu ndi
● Nsungwi ili ndi zaka zoposa ziwiri ndipo nsungwi yakale imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
● Kukhuthala ndi makulidwe a khoma la nsungwi kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Kukhuthala sikukhala bwino nthawi zonse.
● Tetezani khungu lobiriwira loyambirira la nsungwi. Ngati khungu lobiriwira lawonongeka, silingathe kukonzedwa, ndipo lidzapangitsa kusiyana kwa mitundu pamwamba pa nsungwi mtsogolo.
● Kutsegula zidutswazo nthawi yake kungathandize kumasula mphamvu ya nsungwi ndikulola ulusiwo kukhala ndi malo oti uchepetse.
● Gwirani nthawi yowira. Mukatsegula zidutswazo, ziyikeni mumphika mwachangu momwe mungathere. Musadikire mpaka zitatsike m'phiri musanaphike (nsalu ya nsungwi ili ndi tizilombo, ming'alu, ndi bowa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosazigwira pa nthawi yake)
Pambuyo podulansungwiNdipo pobwerera kunyumba, ikani pamthunzi kuti iume kwa masiku angapo. Samalani kuti mupewe chinyezi ndi bowa. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito mwayi wa dzuwa la m'nyengo yozizira ndikusangalala nayo! Isiyeni padzuwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati mavuto monga kusweka kwachitika nthawi imeneyi, itayeni. Pambuyo pa masika. Sungani nsungwi youma pamalo ozizira komanso ouma ndipo samalani ndi mpweya wopuma. Itulutseni kuti mukaione chaka chilichonse ndikuisunga kwa zaka zoposa zitatu. Ngati si yoipa, mutha kuigwiritsa ntchito molimba mtima. Zinthu zotere ndi zolimba ngati jade ndipo zidzasanduka zofiira pakapita nthawi. Ndi chuma chosowa.
4. Kukonza zinthu za nsungwi ndi matabwa
Njira yopangira mapangidwe a zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi. Malinga ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zidutswa za nsungwi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi, gawo loyamba ndi Guaqing (kuphatikiza zobiriwira pamwamba), gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu ndi lobiriwira lachiwiri, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapangidwe motsatana. Guaqing (kuphatikiza Guaqing) Kupanga mapangidwe a zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndikuyika chinthu cha nsungwi chathyathyathya mu mphamvu ya maginito yokhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya 0.5-1.5T, ndikuphimba chinthu cha nsungwi ndi nkhungu yolimba komanso yosasinthika (nkhungu yoyipa) yojambulidwa ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. , kupopera nitric acid (kapena chisakanizo cha nitrate ndi ma asidi ena amphamvu) kapena sulfuric acid kapena chisakanizo cha nitric acid ndi sulfuric acid yokhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa 5-65% (kulemera peresenti ya kuchuluka) pa kapangidwe ka nkhungu, ndipo asidiyo imadutsa mu kapangidwe kojambulidwa ka nkhungu yoyipa. Pa nsungwi chips, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mwachindunji yankho la asidi lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa kuti mujambule chinthucho popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu, kenako muphike pa kutentha kolamulidwa kwa 80°C-120°C kwa mphindi 3-5 kuti muyambitse esterification reaction pakati pa yankho la asidi ndi ulusi wa nsungwi, potero kupanga zinthu za nsungwi Kuwonetsa mapangidwe okongola amitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe siimatha; kapangidwe ka zinthu za nsungwi za Erqing kamapangidwa poika zinthu za nsungwi mosalala mu mphamvu ya maginito yokhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya 0.5-1.5T, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zaluso zosagwira dzimbiri zolembedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Nkhungu) zimaphimbidwa pa chinthu cha nsungwi cha Erqing, kenako njira zotsatirazi zimachitika:
a. Thirani 1% (kulemera kwa kuchuluka) dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt yomwe imalowa mwachangu pa chinthu chonse cha nsungwi ndi nkhungu;
b. Kenako thirani madzi oundana kwambiri kapena amchere kapena amchere. Kuchuluka kwa madziwo kumadalira zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake;
c. Thirani mankhwala okonzera utoto otchedwa hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triacryloyltriazine (kuchuluka kwake ndi 1% polemera);
d. Thirani vanishi ya nitrocellulose;
e. Chotsani nkhungu ndikupeza mawonekedwe okhala ndi malo amdima komanso mtundu woyambirira wa chinthu chopangidwa ndi nsungwi (mphasa).
5. Kuwongolera khalidwe la zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa ndi zinthu zaulimi zomwe dziko langa limatumiza kunja. Nkhani zachitetezo ndi thanzi zokhudzana ndi kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndi matabwa zopangidwa ndi utoto nazonso zakopa chidwi kuchokera kumayiko oyenera, ndipo vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Palinso mavuto ena omwe angayambitse kusakhazikika kwa khalidwe la zinthu ndi kubweretsa zinthu zonyamula tizilombo toopsa.
Pakadali pano, njira zazikulu zophera tizilombo toopsa m'mitengo ndi nsungwi zikuphatikizapo kupopera fumbi ndi kutentha.Nsungwi ndi zinthu zamatabwaMalo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira yowumitsa panthawi yopanga ndi kukonza. Bola ngati zizindikiro zazikulu monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi nthawi zikuwongoleredwa bwino, cholinga cha njira yowononga chingathekenso. Chifukwa chake, njira yotenthetsera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yothandiza kuti makampani opanga zinthu zamatabwa achotse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Njira yabwino. Makampani ena ali ndi zida zowumitsa matabwa, koma kuti achotse chinyezi pamatabwa pomwe akuchepetsa ming'alu ndi kusintha, makampani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowumitsa yotsika kutentha. Komabe, njira yochizira iyi siikwaniritsa zofunikira pakuchiza zakupha zamoyo zoopsa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri, ndipo imatha kuyambitsa nkhungu ndi tizilombo mu chinthu chomalizidwa.
Madokotala oletsa nkhungu amakhulupirira kuti kupewa nkhungu kumayang'ana kwambiri pa kukonza zinthu zopangira ndi kuteteza zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa. Kukonza zinthu zopangira kumafuna kwambiri mankhwala oletsa nkhungu a nkhuni za nsungwi zomwe sizinakonzedwe bwino. Nthawi zambiri, zimanyowa ndi mankhwala oletsa bowa a nsungwi ndipo zimaloledwa kuti ziume kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10. Ndiye kuti, zinthu zoletsa nkhungu zigwirizane ndi zinthu za nsungwi ndi matabwa zomwe sizinakonzedwe bwino. Mukawumitsa ndi kukonza, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi ntchito zoletsa nkhungu.
Chinanso ndi kukonza mankhwala omalizidwa. Ngati zinthu zopangira zakonzedwa, mankhwala omalizidwa adzakhala ndi ntchito yolimbana ndi nkhungu, ndipo palibe chifukwa chochitiranso mankhwala olimbana ndi nkhungu. Komabe, pa ntchito zamanja za nsungwi ndi matabwa zopangidwa popanda kukonzedwa, tiyeneranso kuchita mankhwala olimbana ndi nkhungu. Izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo kukonza pamwamba pa mankhwala ndi kuwongolera malo osungiramo zinthu. Kukonza pamwamba kumaphatikizapo kupopera pamwamba pa mankhwala omalizidwa ndi nsungwi yolimbana ndi nkhungu kuti apange gawo loteteza ku nkhungu pamwamba pa mankhwala kuti litetezedwe ku nkhungu. Kulamulira kwakukulu kwa malo osinthira ndikuti mankhwalawo ayenera kukhala ndi malo abwino pamalo otsekedwa bwino, okhala ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso malo odzaza ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi nkhungu. Izi zitha kuchitikanso mosavuta. Ikani chizindikiro pa phukusi la mankhwala. Chotsukira cha biochemical, malinga ndi kukula kwa chinthucho, mutha kusankha zofunikira monga 1G, 2G, 4G, 10G, ndi zina zotero. Mapiritsi oletsa chimfine opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotulutsa pang'onopang'ono amatha kusunga bwino malo oletsa chimfine. Muthanso kusankha zofunikira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Imatha kuwongolera mosavuta chinyezi, kusunga malo otetezedwa ku chimfine, ndikuteteza zinthu ku nkhungu mkati mwa miyezi 6.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-17-2024